Course Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Course Project - Essay Example s until late 1980,s the country embraced open economic policies in 1990s and have steadily gained prominence in the global market place with its large market size as well as production capacities (Hill 2003). Although the Indian society traditionally took a nationalistic stance towards foreign imports and foreign investments, the trends have reversed today. With the Indian economy being widely boosted by its massive software development industry and Business Process Outsourcing operations, the country is becoming a hub for international dealings, and the life styles of the new generation of Indians are affected by global products and global trends (India and The Global Economy 2006). Although the country provides attractive potential in terms of market size, the vast diversity in cultures, religious and over hundred languages and dialects present, it a challenge for international firms to enter and succeed in the Indian market. The legacies of its closed economic policies are also st ill prevalent and bureaucratic red tape still surrounds the import-export regulations, foreign exchange policies as well as customs procedures. This report attempts to provide required background information for planning the export operation of Zingo Instant Noodles to the Indian market being manufactured in UK by NutriSnacks Company Ltd. The company will enter the market through an appointed agent – Partell Group that will act as the importing party of the product. Zingo Instant Noodles is a 80 grams instant noodle pack with seasoning sachet included. The existing product line carries 6 flavours in terms of the seasoning included within including chicken, roast beef, mushroom, tomato, cheese and seafood. The product is currently number two in the UK and a host of other European markets, closely behind the market leader Blue Dragon 3 Minute Noodles. Zingo positioning is based on offering a nutritious snack diet for the young kids who gets hungry easily. The two-minute cooking time

Suffering in Christianity Essay Example for Free

Suffering in Christianity Essay 1. Consider how any single religious tradition copes with the problem of suffering and evil in the world. Nearly every human being on earth has asked this common question. â€Å"Why all the suffering and evil in this world? ’. The presence of evil and suffering has forced adherents of all religious traditions to question their beliefs, their religious identity and their understanding of the ultimate reality. Christians in particular, are faced with these questions and life situations of suffering and evil, confronted to them, on a daily basis. When confronted with life situations they have questioned why an all powerful and an all loving God would allow this to happen. There has been a variety of responses to these questions. Christians have explained suffering and evil as, ultimate judgement of sin, consequences in living in a fallen world, and perhaps the idea of the world not being created in a perfects sense. These are just one of the many responses Christians have thought. However, even though Christians may never know the definite explanation, Christians cope with the idea of evil and suffering by finding ways to respond to it. With the idea of love and compassion taught by Jesus Christ, their goal is to find multiple ways to end suffering and evil through various organizations, actions, deeds and prayers. This illustrates that Christians respond to suffering so the creation of an ideal society in which all suffering and evil can be eliminated. Furthermore, Christians can come to experience the new kingdom of Christ, where love, peace and tranquillity are the centre of all. Suffering which is remotely linked to evil, forces adherents to understand the different kinds of suffering, and how it affects their outlook on life and death. The website â€Å"Suffering and the problem of Evil† states that â€Å"Human suffering, takes on many forms: emotional, natural, and moral. Loneliness, anxiety, and grief are examples of emotional suffering. Fires, tornados, earthquakes, hurricanes, and physical illness are examples of natural suffering. Moral suffering is brought on by the deliver act acts of a fellow human beings to cause suffering, something Christians call a moral evil† (Suffering and the problem of Evil. 2013) This demonstrates the result of moral evil leading to emotional, physical and even at times natural disasters. Suffering therefore brings Christians back to reality, to come into realisation with their mortality, which is very easily ignored. It demonstrates the flaws and hints of Christian’s coming death â€Å"It removes the veil; it plants the flag of truth within the fortess of a rebel† (Lewis, Problem of Pain, pg 83) It creates an atmosphere, ultimately, in which Christian’s thoughts are directed towards God. â€Å"God whispers to us in our pleasure, speaks to us in our conscience, but shouts us in our pains: it is his megaphone to rouse a deaf world† (Lewis, Problem of Pain, pg 84). The painful statement of Lewis states, demonstrate the truth about death. That death is horrific no matter what form it may take. So suffering in a Christian perspective, allows them to gently prod on their consciousnesses and forces them to understand that suffering may indeed lead to their future deaths, if they were to leave suffering without response. However if Christians can cast their doubt and turn to God, it can therefore bring a foundation of a new thinking, attitude, hope and living, not only to themselves, but to their faith. In the book of Corinthians, the apostle Paul states â€Å"We are afflicted in every way, but not crushed; perplexed, but not driven to despair; persecuted, but not forsaken; struck down, but not destroyed; always carrying in the body the death of Jesus, so that the life of Jesus may also be manifested in our bodies†, which demonstrate this tension. Furthermore, the term â€Å"suffering and evil† provides many benefits to the Christian Faith. Suffering provides Christians to give proof of the genuineness of their faith, and to serve to purify, and carry their faith. It provides the opportunity for believers to demonstrate their love for each other as adherents of the body of Christ who â€Å"bear one another’s burdens† (Gal 6:2) D. A Carson a Reformed Evangelical Theologian once stated that â€Å"experiences of suffering. engender compassion and empathy.. and make us better to help others† (Carson, 122). This demonstrates how experiences of a Christian’s own suffering and comfort they receive from the ultimate reality, makes Christians more equipped to help those who are still in suffering and victims of evil. Just as the apostle Paul states in the Book of Corinthians â€Å"Who comforts us in all of our troubles; so that we can comfort those in any trouble with the comfort we ourselves receive from God†. ( 2 Corin 1:4) However most importantly, Christians can cope with suffering and evil as their affliction in God increases them to follow God’s will. In the Book of Hebrews, Jesus â€Å"learned obedience from the things he suffered (Heb 5:8). He learnt the value and significance of submitting the will to God, even at the time it was the most difficult thing in the world o do. Tim Costello, CEO of World Vision, witnessed this kind of teaching and devotion God, when World Vision visited Sri Lanka to provide aid and emergencies to those who were victims of the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami â€Å" Many people in Sri Lanka though, who were directly affected , were asking a different question. They were asking how they could not believe in God as a result of the tsunami, since God was all they had left† (Bible Study, Where is God in Suffering- World Vision. 013) Suffering and evil also provides Christians to improve on the relationship with other human beings, and to fulfil and follow their faith, in restoring compassion and God again in Christianity. Tim Costello provides an in depth view of how Christians can respond to suffering and evil, in the mindset of fulfilling faith and God’s word. In an interview he proclaims â€Å"Faith is incredibly important for me. In religious terms, I believe salvation is everything that restores the crippled image in God- dirty water, not enough food. Sin I think is everything that cripples the image of God- not having access to education, injustice, inopportunity. For me that faith position that I believe everyone, despite the lottery of latitude, is made in the image of God is really the core of my faith and my life’ (Full Transcript, Tim Costello Enters the zone. 2013) Tim Costello places emphasis that Jesus challenges Christians to test out their faith, by responding to suffering, to encourage salvation and eliminate sin. He believes that every human being is made in the likeness of God, so therefore all human beings should be treated with love and compassion. This can lead to the faith of Christianity and God to be restored, which has been abruptly destroyed by sin. God taught Christians the demonstrating of compassion by entering the world it in the form of Jesus, who suffered and died for all Christians. He demonstrated that God is not a God who rules from above but carries from below. Therefore he taught all Christians, to continue the work of compassion and faith through Jesus Christ by responding to suffering. As what Jesus Christ said in the Book of John â€Å"as the Father sent me, I send you† (John 20:21) Suffering and evil have sometimes encouraged Christians to devote their lives entirely to helping those with evil and suffering. Not only do they devote their lives to this, but they also provide other Christians encouragement to contribute in the smallest way, in ending suffering. They have taught not only to the Christian faith, but to all religious traditions, how to incorporate Jesus teachings, but more specifically, love and hope. Mother Teresa is one of the many influential Christians who have taken upon this life. Throughout her life, she went out and lived her faith by seeing her God in every human being in front of her, especially the sick, the aged, and the abandoned. She served God by serving God in them, demonstrating that she lived the Gospel with every breath in her body. She established hospitals for the sick and dying, and started the religious new order, the Missionaries of Charity, in Calcutta which is now practiced and spread throughout the world. She was devoted in caring for the poorest of the poor, the sick and the dying. She clean them, feed them, pray with them, and serve them as their spent their last hours in dignity. She demonstrated compassion for those who were less fortunate then she is, as she once said to a man who she was picking muggets off his face â€Å"You pray to your God, and I will pray to Jesus for your healing† With the many attitudes and teachings that Jesus Christ and the Father have provided to their adherents, Christians have also devised many organizations and appeals in contributing to help those who are suffering and victims of evil. In example, many Christians have responded to those who are suffering in extreme poverty. There are many Christian organizations that deal with this. These are World Vision, Compassion International, Salvation Army, Christian Aid and many more. All of these organizations also â€Å"have principles of the Christian religion in their charters† (What are the type of Different Christian NGOS? 2013) In example, the Salvation Army vision is â€Å"a growing, loving, community of people dynamically living God’s mission in a broken world† (The vision, mission and values of the Salvation Army. 2013) Compassion International places emphasis on â€Å"recognizing the suffering of others, then take action to help† (Meaning of Compassion. 013) While all may have different mechanisms in responding to the issue of poverty, they all place emphasis on ending suffering and taking action. As the Book of Timothy says â€Å"They are to do good, to be rich in good works, to be generous and ready to share, thus storing up treasure for themselves as a good foundation for the future, so that they may take hold of that which is truly life† (1 Timothy 6:18) Conclusively, Christianity provides adherents to respond to suffering and evil, in order to cope with it. Christians are challenged and called by Jesus Christ, to realise the destruction of suffering and evil to all people of the world, and to act on it. Christians are called to act with love and compassion as they serve their faith and Lord, by providing essential needs, love and faith to all those who are still encountering suffering. However furthermore they are called to act as a collective and restore the image of faith and Christianity, and to provide hope, so a world of suffering and evil can soon be eliminated.

China :: essays research papers

During its brief time under British rule, Hong Kong has witnessed war, the rise and fall of empires, and has played a role in intrigues, big deals and diplomacy of global proportions. After 156 years of British rule, Hong Kong is again ruled by China. The change took place at midnight on June 30, 1997. Hong Kong is made up of a peninsula on the mainland of China and more than 230 islands. The main island is called Hong Kong Island and lies south of the peninsula. Hong Kong Island became a British colony when it was ceded from China in 1842 under the Treaty of Nanking. The British used the ports on Hong Kong to export tea, silk, and porcelain to England. The Chinese Emperor did not like the British. He called them guailo, which means foreign devil, and attempted to keep the British separate from the Chinese. During this period, China accepted only silver bullion as payment for goods. At the start of the 19th century, the British realized that they could purchase silks and teas in exchange for opium. China outlawed the drug, but many people were already addicted, which caused the economy of China to suffer. The Opium Wars began when China publicly destroyed a British ship that carried chests of opium. In January 1841, the British navy claimed Hong Kong Island. The Opium Wars finally ended in 1898, when Britain executed a 99-year lease of the New Territories. Kowloon Peninsula was acquired by the convention of Peking (now called Beijing) in 1860. China has guaranteed to permit the existing capitalist economy and lifestyle to exist for 50 years. Hong Kong will retain a high degree of autonomy except for defense and foreign affairs. Regaining control of Hong Kong serves two purposes. First, it will erase what the Chinese have viewed as a period of disgrace. The Chinese have always considered the Treaty of Nanking, which passed control of Hong Kong over to Britain as unfair. Second, they felt it would greatly benefit China's economy. A communist government rules China. The British, however, have ruled Hong Kong as a democracy. Many people are wondering how the differences between these two forms of government will affect the people and economy of Hong Kong. Even though Hong Kong is a part of China, it is a special region. For a time, at least, the people of Hong Kong have rights that people throughout the rest of China do not have.

Introducing the National Multiple Sclerosis Society into Singapore Essa

Introducing the National Multiple Sclerosis Society into Singapore The National Multiple Sclerosis Society is a non- profit organization that supports MS related research and provides programs for people with MS and their families. Multiple Sclerosis is an auto- immune disease. It is a chronic and often disabling disease that attacks the central nervous system. The mission statement of the National Multiple Sclerosis Society is to end the devastating effects of multiple sclerosis. The funds that are provided by the society are used in research, programs, and education. The Society helps to raise the awareness of Multiple Sclerosis around the world. (Reference 6) The Multiple Sclerosis Society is a worldwide organization that provides service to many different countries. One area of the world that the MS Society lacks in involvement is Southeastern Asia. MS does not appear in Asia nearly as much as in North America and Europe, but there are relevant cases. There are other parts of Asia such as Japan and India that have MS Societies. MS is also scarce in those areas and their societies are not as large as other chapters of NMSS, but it has been found that they are necessary. The Japanese society has 31 members and about 5000 people who have MS but are not involved in the society. In India the society has approximately 1005 members and 1000 people on record that have MS. (Reference 7) Putting a MS society in Southeastern Asia would be best suited in the country of Singapore. Singapore is a very prosperous country and has many international links. According to one source Chan Tse Chueen funding for non-profit organizations is very prevalent in Singapore. In Singapore there are three sources of funding. The first being the State that gives funds to social welfare organizations and research institutes. The government tries to encourage donations by pledging to match dollar – for- dollar that is raised. The second source is the corporate sector. Many corporations set up foundations and trust funds and also have donations as contribution in kinds. Companies in Singapore such as IBM Singapore and Hewlett Packard Company are dedicated to providing philanthropy to local organizations. The last source of funding is the civic sector. As the people of Singapore become more affluent more funds become available.(Reference 2) The marketing plan for NMSS in Singapore... ...n and benefit in that country. Conclusion Introducing the National Multiple Sclerosis Society into Singapore has its good sides and bad. The MS Society could benefit from the prosperous economy of Singapore and government and corporate support, but the factors that may not work are there may not be enough people in Singapore to benefit (not many with MS), also if societies are not exempt from taxes that may lead to financial problems for the society. Charities must incorporate the poor and societies are people who have common ends in this case Multiple Sclerosis. It would be difficult to change the MS society to a charity. It is certainly possible to introduce NMSS to other countries and many already have them. Even though NMSS in Singapore has its down side it might be able to work with some adaptation. References CIA World Fact Book 2000. http://www.odci.gov/cia/publications/factbook/ Civicus. http://www.civicus.org/pages/singapihtml About HR. http://www.abouthr.com ChangeX: Currency Calculator. http://www.numa.com ExpatSingapore. http://www.expatsingapore.com National Multiple Sclerosis Society Fact Sheet World of Multiple Sclerosis. http://www.ifmss.org.uk/

Nestle Philippines Incorporated CSR Essay

Nestlà © Philippines once again demonstrated its full support to environmental protection with the formal recognition of 41 business partners who have been able to improve their environmental performance through their active participation in the Greening the Supply Chain Program (GSC), on their 11th year. Under its Greening the Supply Chain (GSC) program, Nestlà © Philippines is influencing its suppliers, vendors and other business partners to improve their level of environmental performance. â€Å"This ensures the continuous improvement of environmental performance throughout the supply chain, from producing and purchasing of raw materials, to manufacturing, packaging, distribution and finally to the consumer.† Engineer Renato Alvarado, Nestlà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s Corporate Safety, Health and Environment Executive, said. Alvarado explained that the GSC program requires measures to reduce water consumption and energy efficiency initiatives. The company, for its part, has also made substantial investments for its wastewater treatment, solid waste disposal and solid waste segregation. Construction of the new factory will start this month and is expected to be completed in March 2012. The facility will produce Coffee-Mate Non-Dairy Creamer and Bear Brand Powdered Milk Drink. To ensure the program’s effective implementation, Alvarado said they also provide free education on environmental management system and a forum for exchanging best practices for business partners. The firm also makes available its customized assistance such as initial environmental reviews and follow-up visits, he added. â€Å"Environmental protection is a responsibility.† said Alvarado. â€Å"Nestlà © promotes activities which help establish awareness on the importance of  environmental protection, transforming this awareness to conviction and sustainable actions among its employees, business partners and other stakeholders not only in business but even on personal level.†

Electrochemistry Essays

Electrochemistry Essays Electrochemistry Essay Electrochemistry Essay Everything started out of nothing. A mustard seed cannot be appreciated until it sprout it leaves and grow tall. I was once like a seed and the knowledge serves as the nutrients that support my growth. Day by day new knowledge is injected in my mind thru experiences and education that I take. Before, everything was a question and even the questions I raised were limited and shallow. As I slowly took the road and have my pace, questions popped-up and through everyday learning, they were answered. Almost everything falls to wrong assumptions and speculations. But with the help of those who took ahead of steps, learning was never as difficult as counting the sands in the seashore. Knowledge and ideas remain a lesson unless the one who knows put it into application. Everything that we learned, everything that I learned and will be learned will be best evaluated when it is applied in the real world. Even a single lesson has its significant purpose. It molds us to b e a person. Before I took this course I felt excited but nervous. I was excited that a new knowledge is waiting for me to learn in someway I was afraid that the knowledge will just pass without me learning from it. When I look at the syllabus, everything is new to me. Some topics were just known that time. Before, I look at chemistry as a subject only dealing with chemicals and will only be useful for industry and the like. It came to my amazement when I know that chemistry is also useful in solving crimes. In determining a finger print a silver nitrate is used. I used to look at this chemical as useful only in removing warts and tattoos. With this new idea, my mind and heart bind. In other words, the topic pushes me or inspires me to study more on chemistry. Electrochemistry also helped me in the addition of knowledge. When I look at a car battery, it looks like a huge division of cells with a liquid in between. I wonder before how those stored energy are transmitted into another form of energy. One amazing part of it is the reaction of chemicals to form such energy. I was also amazed one time when I separate the hydrogen and oxygen from water. I conducted some study about it and learned that because of electrolysis and other reactions, the hydrogen atom binds with another hydrogen atom to form a hydrogen gas. Hydrogen is flammable. It is used in air balloons or airships. Wit the day to day activities, chemistry molds a particular area of my personality. Due to it I’m no longer ignorant to some basic and common real life activities. Theories are important in learning. It is the foundation of knowledge. Sometimes a particular area or field of study is best learned or learned faster when put into application such as laboratory activities. In this kind of learning, theories are not only learned but visualized as well. One particular area or activity that I like is when I wrote a script. Before, when I saw movies dealing with science, it really amazed me. I really admire how writers at the same time learn science when he used to the field of literature, although it need also to have that knowledge to have a wonderful stories. Script writing did not only improve the way I think but also makes me acquire new knowledge. When I searched for a chemical that will used as a way to kill the victim in the story the process made me knew some chemical properties. This activity also widens my knowledge in researching. In research you must get the most significant information. You must read almost everything that is related to y our topic. One thing that encouraged me to strive is the fun of doing it. It is like playing, you have already exercised and at the same time enjoy. Knowledge or education need to be enjoyable so that it will not only retain but help the process even faster. For example, the freezing point of a salt is less than zero degrees Celsius and when an ice is mixed with salt the ice will be even cooler.   By this we cannot appreciate the importance of suck idea. If you try to look at some ice cream vendors (those who sell ice cream on streets without the use of freezer) you will notice that their ice cream tubes are surrounded with ice. Now try to put water in a glass and let it be surrounded with ice, the water will not turn into ice. The ice cream remains as it is because the ice surrounding it is mixed with salt. See, that’s the importance of application; you will know the idea better. When I researched for that script, everything was an effort. Series of readings and series or information search. Although I was only intended to get the information for that specific activity, I was able to acquire some important information about chemicals and of course, about chemistry. Another activity that is exciting is when I select an issue that is relevant to the society. Many problems occur due to lack of information about the daily activity. In canned products, after opening the can, the content should be transferred to a plastic or non-reactive material if it will be consumed in a later time. When a food is let to be stored in a half day inside the can, it will lead to poisoning (only a small amount of toxic). A can is composed mainly of metal particularly the iron. When iron is exposed to air it will react with oxygen and thus will become harmful to our body. There are also problems with the products in terms of chemicals used. Some chemicals are harmful to our body when taken in a greater amount. Like the toothpaste, fluoride can clean the teeth but with woo much fluoride the hardness of the teeth is lessened. Issues on environmental and societal area developed my mental awareness on some things that are almost neglected.   Many skills were developed as I go through with the course. My creativity was also developed when I wrote the script. Skill in researching was also developed. This is very important, a good foundation in researching is necessary for future studies. My skill in critical thinking was also developed. Every activity, the use of my brain serves as an exercise for it to think wisely and critically. My skill in conducting experiment was also developed. During laboratory activities, I was not only supposed to follow the procedures but also know the reason in conducting the experiment. Curiosity is the primary issue. Many great scientist developed concept and come up with the product out of it. My skill in reasoning was also developed . New techniques were learned and new ideas were earned. With it I come up and learned how to reason out correctly and scientifically. Before taking this course I only knew few. My curiosity is also limited. With this course I was able to know the deeper side of the subject. I learned how to investigate. As what we all know, education is a continuing process and what is more important is the application of knowledge. All we need is wisdom: the right application of knowledge. Also, learning is like writing an essay. Everything starts fro a single dot, then as you go on you will not notice that you already wrote more than a page. One thing that is with writing; you can write unlimited ideas which also means you can acquire unlimited knowledge.

The Chemistry of Chemical Hair Removal

The Chemistry of Chemical Hair Removal Have you ever wondered how chemical hair removal (a chemical depilatory) works? Examples of common brands include Nair, Veet and Magic Shave. Chemical hair removal products are available as creams, gels, powders, aerosol and roll-ons, yet all of these forms work the same way. They essentially dissolve the hair faster than they dissolve the skin, causing the hair to fall away. The characteristic unpleasant odor associated with chemical depilatories is the smell from breaking chemical bonds between sulfur atoms in the protein. The Chemistry of Chemical Hair Removal The most common active ingredient in chemical depilatories is calcium thioglycolate, which weakens the hair by breaking the disulfide bonds in the keratin of hair. When enough chemical bonds are broken, the hair can be rubbed or scraped off where it emerges from its follicle. The calcium thioglycolate is formed by reacting calcium hydroxide with thioglycolic acid. An excess of calcium hydroxide allows the thioglycolic acid to react with the cysteine in keratin. The chemical reaction is: 2SH-CH2-COOH (thioglycolic acid) R-S-S-R (cysteine) → 2R-SH COOH-CH2-SS-CH2-COOH (dithiodiglycolic acid). Keratin is found in skin as well as hair, so leaving hair removal products on the skin for an extended length of time will result in skin sensitivity and irritation. Because the chemicals only weaken the hair so that it can be scraped away from the skin, hair is only removed at the surface level. A visible shadow of subsurface hair may be seen after use and you can expect to see regrowth in 2-5 days.

The neutralisation of Acids by Antacids Essay Example

The neutralisation of Acids by Antacids Essay Example The neutralisation of Acids by Antacids Paper The neutralisation of Acids by Antacids Paper An Investigation to See What Effects the Neutralisation of Acids by Antacids In this experiment I will be looking at what affects the rate of reaction in a chemical reaction between Hydrochloric acid and commercial antacids. I will be looking at one of the Rates of reaction, surface area, to see if a smaller surface area does speed up a reaction. The reason that I became interested in this experiment is that I have been suffering from terrible indigestion of late and was wondering what would affect the efficiency of the tablets. Indigestion is a common condition caused by excess (or too strong) acid in the stomach, using antacids, usually a salt containing either an earth or alkali metal, always a base, neutralises the acid in the stomach relieving pain. In chemical reactions atoms are rearranged. This rearrangement (and the reaction) is caused by the collision of atoms. In gases and liquids, contact with solids and with each other millions of collisions occur very second. If all these were successful and caused a reaction then every reaction would be over in a millionth of a second. Because reactions arent over in such a quick speed one can presume that not all collisions are successful. To be successful a collision has to occur with enough energy and directly. A good analogy for this is bumper cars at a fair ground. A glancing hit does little but a head on collision hurts! Several things govern the rate of a reaction. I predict that as the surface area of one of the reactants (the tablet) increases so will the rates of reaction. This is because of the reasons discussed above. I set up the apparatus as below and used the equipment safely. 1. I broke the tablet into smaller sizes as per the experiment demanded 2. In this experiment I will be using 0. 25-M hydrochloric acid because antacid tablets are designed to work in our stomach, in which is hydrochloric acid. I was provided with 2M hydrochloric acid and so diluted 2. 5mls of acid in 17. 5mls of water. I found that 0. 25M acid works best through some preliminary work. 3. a) When using the two smaller sizes I added 15mls of the water to the powder so I didnt loose any reactants. b) When using larger surface area I just broke the tablets into their respective sizes. 4. I added the hydrochloric acid solution into the side arm tube and measured (in mls) how much was released by seeing how much water was displaced from the measuring tube. My results were as followed: My results contain one anomalous result. This occurs in the fifth minute of the 1/4 tablet experiment. It was more likely to have occurred by human error than contamination because the control was negative and it occurs half way through the test, not from the start. This graph shows the reaction between 0. 25m hydrochloric acid and Rennie antacid tablets. As you can see the reaction starts at a steady speed and slows down as the reaction progresses. This is because the reactants are used early on and the amount of reactant available toward the end of the reaction is small. At the top end of the graph the speed of reaction between a 1/4 and a 1/6 is small considering the huge increase in surface area. This is because the increase in surface are no longer affects the rate of reaction; the rule no longer applies. This is common with scientific laws, such as Hookes law. Conclusion Antacid tablets are designed to neutralise stomach pH to stop heartburn and indigestion. In my opinion my experiment went quite well. From my experiment one can see that the smaller surface area of a reactant the slower the reaction. This proves my prediction and the rates of reaction correct. The 1/6 tablet reacted far quicker than the whole one. There is little difference between the smallest two sizes of tablet, this is because the law starts not to apply. The pattern is that as the surface area increases so does the rate of reaction, up to a certain point. An anomalous result occurred in the 5th minute of the 1/4 tablet, but it think it was due to human error, as opposed to contamination. I believe that contamination would have affected the whole test, and it would have stood out form the other results, having either a faster or slower reaction rate than the others. The best place to test the tablet would be in the stomach, as this is where the tablets are designed to work, it would be interesting to see if the enzymes in the stomach aid or slow down the reaction, although I think it would make little difference as the enzyme present in the stomach, protease, is designed to break down protein into amino acids, thus would do little to catalyse the neutralisation of stomach acid. To obtain results closer to those which would occur in the stomach, the experiment would have to take place at 32i c. I would expect the reaction to occur at a faster rate, because the particles would be moving faster (this point is explained in further detail earlier in this report). The best way to obtain results similar to those that would occur in the stomach would be a computer simulation, this way I could set the testing environment how I wanted without having to obtain a stomach.

C-Difficile Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

C-Difficile - Research Paper Example Moreover, outbreaks of C. difficile infection in Canada and U.S.A. have been linked with the highly resistant and virulent strain of the bacterium, NAP-I/027 and have been found resistant to the fluoroquinolones drug treatment (Allday 2012 para 3; Aktories & Wilkins 2000 p. 1 & 2; Talley et al 2010 n.p.). The microbiology of C. difficile, the pathophysiology of infection in humans, clinical presentation, risk factors, diagnostic strategies and preventive measures will be discussed. The microbiological study of C. difficile has brought forward some significant features about the bacterium. It is an anaerobic bacterium which means that it requires oxygen for its survival and spore-bearing. It stains mostly Gram-positive and has a length variation of 3-5 um. Animal reservoirs for C. difficile have been located but no direct association with human infection has been established. C. difficile spreads in the infants and neonates predominantly by nosocomial infection rather than vertical transmission. An important aspect is that infants up to the age of 12 months are protected from the diarrheal symptoms, probably because they lack the receptors required for the toxin action. The bacteria spread mostly from contact with contaminated skin, food items, clothes or any other surface. C. difficile spreads from the feces of an infected person to the healthy individuals. (Aktories & Wilkins 2000 p. 2-5; Allday 2012 para 12). The spores produced by the bacteria are orally in gested by the humans leading to the formation of C. difficile colonies in the gut. The infected individuals develop Clostridium difficile associated diarrhea while some also remain asymptomatic and show no active infection. C. difficile produces two exotoxins- A and B- which cause disruption of the epithelium of the colon by binding to the epithelial cells. The production of inflammatory cells and cytokines leads to mucosal inflammation and small ulcer formation in the gut (Talley et al 2010 n.p.). The clinical features of the C. difficile infection are described as watery, non-bloody diarrhea and episodes of abdominal pain. Severe infections can lead to development of ileus and even shock. Non-specific signs include low-grade fever, dehydration and abdominal tenderness. A criterion to describe the severity of the infection involves the parameters of age, temperature, albumin level, WBC count, endoscopy findings and treatment in intensive care unit. A score of greater than or equal to 2 within 48 hours is designated as severe Clostridium difficile associated diarrhea (Talley et al 2010 n.p.). The risk factors for C. difficile infection mainly focus on the elderly population, people taking antibiotic or antacid therapy or those with a prolonged stay in hospital environments. According to a report, recurrence was found to be higher in those who were taking medications that were H2 receptor blockers (Worcester 2012 para 1- 3). People above the age of 65 years are at high risk for severe or complicated infection. Other risk factors include tube feeding within 2 months, immunosuppression and excessive usage of broad-spectrum antibiotics (Talley et al 2010 n.p.). Enzyme immunoassay is the standard test for the diagnosis of the C. difficile toxins A and B in the stool samples. The test results are available within 24 hours. Colonoscopy or sigmoidoscopy is helpful in

Analyze Stereotypes in the Classroom (7) Coursework

Analyze Stereotypes in the Classroom (7) - Coursework Example One such factor is stereotyping which depicts a situation by what a set of people exhibit a strong belief on one set of roles, values, and responsibilities. According to a study performed by the University of Michigan and Harvard University, performance of children is determined by both positive and negative stereotypes. The study concluded that positive stereotypes aid performance while negative stereotypes slow down performance (Ambady, Shih, Kim & Pittinsky, 2001). The most common stereotypes among children in the United States are gender stereotypes, ethnic stereotypes and stereotypes associated with persons with disability. Children are conscious of gender, ethnic and physical differences from as early as first grade. As compared to adults, children are less flexible when it comes to understanding stereotypes (Ambady et al., 2001). Stereotypes can be triggered by Influences that knowingly or unknowingly lead to cultural biases that are based on ethnocentrism and eurocentrism. People tend to ignore the difference between cultures. Instead, they differentiate other cultures based on the study of one culture. The outcome may be consciously or unconsciously steered (Junior University, 2015). Cultural biases also have a place in learning environment. To support an anti-bias curriculum for early learners, two methods should be integrated. First, visibility regarding elements that make up for cultural identity should be embraced. For example, both pictures and text should clearly bring out different socio-cultural backgrounds such as places of worship and the way of life. Secondly, controversial topics such as those relating to discrimination and racism should openly be discussed rather than shying away from them. This will provide learners with an open mind to addressing daily life issues. Avoiding topics such as those of religious diversity not only confuses them, but also limits their exposure to reality and understanding of the world.

SPEECH ASSIGNMENT Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

SPEECH - Assignment Example So without informing the new intern, you decide to send out an evaluation form for coworkers to complete and then provide the intern with the results. Your behavior in this scenario is Hans and Frans are coworkers. Hans needs a new printer, and goes to Frans, who handles equipment requisitions. Frans says he will need to fill out a form and wait for the supply order to be processed, which will take about 4 weeks. Hans would like to simply go to a store to buy a printer, and be reimbursed. b. I feel frustrated when you leave for work and don’t put your dishes in the dishwasher, because then I have to do it. I’d like you to make sure you put your dishes in the dishwasher before you leave in the morning. 21. Marc and Stacy are on a committee that has been given the task of planning a large event. Marc has a tendency to state his opinion in tentative ways, saying things like â€Å"I think a buffet might work better† and â€Å"Well, I’m not sure, but we’ll probably get a better turn-out if we hold it at 7 pm rather than 5pm. On the other hand, Stacy tends to make declarations like â€Å"Everyone knows that buffets are tacky,† and â€Å"We need to catch the after-work crowd so the event needs to start at 5 pm.† Which of the following dimensions of defensive vs. supportive climates do their styles BEST reflect? 25. Brian and Subrina have been having relational conflicts over her financial behavior and debt. During a heated discussion about her inability to cover her half of the bills for the month, she blurts out â€Å"Why don’t you just leave me if I am so irresponsible?† Brian replies, â€Å"You are awesome at so many things. This is just a small and fixable problem that we both would benefit from working on.† His response would BEST be described as: 27. Aaron and Jose share an office and have clashed several times over the volume of music that Aaron plays while working. Because

Criminal Procedure Unit 2 Homework Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Criminal Procedure Unit 2 Homework - Article Example The court, however, adjusted prior interpretations of the clauses, unreasonable search and seizure, to include immaterial intrusion via technology as a search. The court conducted two prolong tests, which required the defendant to indicate whether he had subjective imagination. In this regard, such imagination concerned the surrounding where the search was conducted and whether the society accepts such expectation as reasonable. The court ruled that Mr. Katz had a reasonable expectation of privacy within the telephone booth and that police officers had no exigent circumstance. Therefore, it was essential for them to seek for a warranty before undertaking such an action. The term seizure is used to describe any form of interference to a person’s possessory interest in material goods. Unreasonable seizure implies a circumstance where the chattel owner had a reasonable anticipation of privacy in the items seized. A person or property is said to be seized, when law enforcing officers apply force to restrain the person or property. This situation occurs if the chattel or person does not exercise one’s freedom to leave the situation (Amar, 1994). The case of Terry v. Ohio involved Terry and two other men watched by police officers in plain clothes. The officers believed that the men were ‘casing a job, a stick-up’, and for that reason, they proceeded to frisk the three men (Lichtenberg, 2001). The officers recovered illegal weapons held by the two men. The court questioned whether the search and seizure of the men amounted to a breach of the Fourth Amendment. The court decided that the search performed by the police officers was reasonable under the Fourth Amendment. The court determined that the police officers operated on more than a ‘hunch’ and that a reasonable man would have been tempted to believe that

Short Story Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Short Story - Essay Example One would feel that they had forgotten the terror revolving on their heads. But the truth was that they had learnt to live in terror. The bus-stop was as usual crowded with waiting passengers. Second last in the queue was a boy who kept opening and shutting the lens of his camera while standing at the bus stop. The big, black camera hanging from his neck was the only thing he was carrying. A lose black t-shirt and a pair of worn out baggy jeans pants were hanging over his thin body frame. Natural goatee marked his chin and his face was colourless, ghostly white. He would be barely out of teens but his demeanour gave his face the maturity of forties. He turned the camera around, slapped it a couple of times and tried to adjust the lens again. The boy managed to squeeze his way to the middle of the jam-packed bus with the man virtually on his shoulder. Though it was a pleasant morning in the Poonch district of Kashmir, the insides of the bus were boiling due to the crowd. Wailing infants and shouting women were adding to the heat. Conductor of the bus rushed towards the new entrants and started handing out tickets. ‘No-no, I don’t regret it, he died bravely like a warrior, though he was a common man. He was just about your age and used to carry the same type off camera around his neck. I am really proud that he died on duty, serving the nation....Do you know, he revealed the exact hideout of the enemy to the Indian army unit posted there just before he died? The Government of India has bestowed Gallantry Award on my son... posthumously. It’s just that I miss him too much and cannot stop myself when I see somebody like him....,’ the man’s voice trailed off as he wiped the corners of his eyes with his hands. ‘Hey chap...Oh boy...,’ Habibulah called after the boy but the boy kept walking at a fast pace. The bus had started off again. The man looked at the departing bus and then ran behind the boy.

Criminal Procedure Unit 2 Homework Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Criminal Procedure Unit 2 Homework - Article Example The court, however, adjusted prior interpretations of the clauses, unreasonable search and seizure, to include immaterial intrusion via technology as a search. The court conducted two prolong tests, which required the defendant to indicate whether he had subjective imagination. In this regard, such imagination concerned the surrounding where the search was conducted and whether the society accepts such expectation as reasonable. The court ruled that Mr. Katz had a reasonable expectation of privacy within the telephone booth and that police officers had no exigent circumstance. Therefore, it was essential for them to seek for a warranty before undertaking such an action. The term seizure is used to describe any form of interference to a person’s possessory interest in material goods. Unreasonable seizure implies a circumstance where the chattel owner had a reasonable anticipation of privacy in the items seized. A person or property is said to be seized, when law enforcing officers apply force to restrain the person or property. This situation occurs if the chattel or person does not exercise one’s freedom to leave the situation (Amar, 1994). The case of Terry v. Ohio involved Terry and two other men watched by police officers in plain clothes. The officers believed that the men were ‘casing a job, a stick-up’, and for that reason, they proceeded to frisk the three men (Lichtenberg, 2001). The officers recovered illegal weapons held by the two men. The court questioned whether the search and seizure of the men amounted to a breach of the Fourth Amendment. The court decided that the search performed by the police officers was reasonable under the Fourth Amendment. The court determined that the police officers operated on more than a ‘hunch’ and that a reasonable man would have been tempted to believe that

Apple INC Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Apple INC - Term Paper Example Jobs, Apple Inc. has undergone reorganization processes, where the main focus was made on the more profitable competencies. During the next years the company has pursued several acquisitions and expanded its business lines (â€Å"Apple Inc.†, 9). Nowadays, Apple Inc. is a well-known and established technology company that offers personal communication devices, accessories, operating system software, application software and related solutions (â€Å"Apple Inc.†, 4). It is a company’s mission actually ‘To create great things that change people’s live’ (Kotler and Kotler, 443). Some of the major products include iPhone, iPod, iPad, the iOS and OS X operating systems, consumer and professional software applications, iCloud, and others (â€Å"Apple Inc.†, 4). In addition to technology products the company sells and provides its services through the App Store, Mac App Store, iTunes Store, and iBooks store (â€Å"Apple Inc.†, 4). The company operates globally, including South and North Americas, Asia Pacific and European regions. In order to sell its products the company uses integrated approach, by utilizing not only retail stores and direct sales force, but also online stores, whole sales, value-added resellers, and third party-cellular network carriers (â€Å"Apple Inc.†, 4). The company’s total revenue has grown from FY 2013 to FY 2014 by 7%, generating $182, 795 million. In FY 2014, Apple Inc. has achieved substantial sales growth in Americas, which accounted for more than 40% of the total revenues, while Europe was accounted for 25, 4% (â€Å"Apple Inc.†, 21). More detailed revenue generation breakdown by geographical aspect is presented in Figure 1. Comparing the sales of FY 2014 with the previous FY, it is worth to mention that some products of Apple have shown strong increase (for example, iPhone product line +11,7%, Mac Product line +12,1%, iTunes +12,5%, and accessories +6,8%), while other product lines have shown weakening position

El Filibusterismo Essay Example for Free

El Filibusterismo Essay Thirteen years after leaving the Philippines, Crisostomo Ibarra returns as Simoun, a rich jeweler sporting a beard and blue-tinted glasses, and a confidant of the Captain-General. He cynically sides with the upper classes, encouraging them to commit abuses against the masses to encourage the latter to revolt against the oppressive Spanish colonial regime. His two reasons for instigating a revolution are at first, to rescue Marà ­a Clara from the convent and second, to get rid of ills and evils of Philippine society. His true identity is discovered by a now grown-up Basilio while visiting the grave of his mother, Sisa, as Simoun was digging near the grave site for his buried treasures. Simoun spares Basilio’s life and asks him to join in his planned revolution against the government, egging him on by bringing up the tragic misfortunes of the latters family. Basilio declines the offer as he still hopes that the country’s condition will improve. Basilio, at this point, is a graduating medical student at the Ateneo Municipal. After the death of his mother, Sisa, and the disappearance of his younger brother, Crispà ­n, Basilio heeded the advice of the dying boatman, Elà ­as, and traveled to Manila to study. Basilio was adopted by Captain Tiago after Marà ­a Clara entered the convent. Simoun, for his part, keeps in close contact with the bandit group of Kabesang Tales, a former cabeza de barangay who suffered misfortunes at the hands of the friars. He was forced to give everything he had owned to the greedy, unscrupulous Spanish friars and the Church. Before joining the bandits, Tales took Simoun’s revolver while Simoun was staying at his house for the night. As payment, Tales leaves a locket that once belonged to Marà ­a Clara. To further strengthen the revolution, Simoun has Quiroga, a Chinese man hoping to be appointed consul to the Philippines, smuggle weapons into the country using Quiroga’s bazaar as a front. Simoun wishes to attack during a stage play with all of his enemies in attendance. He, however, abruptly aborts the attack when he learns from Basilio that Marà ­a Clara had died earlier that day in the convent. A few days after the mock celebration by the stu dents, the people are agitated when disturbing posters are found displayed around the city. The authorities accuse the students present at the panciterà ­a of agitation and disturbing peace and has them arrested. Basilio, although not present at the mock celebration, is  also arrested. Captain Tiago dies after learning of the incident. But before he dies he signs a will. His will originally states that Basilio should inherit all his property but due to this forgery his property is given in parts, one to Santa Clara, one for the archbishop, one for the Pope, and one for the religious orders leaving nothing for Basilio to be inherited. Basilio is left in prison as the other students are released. Basilio is soon released with the help of Simoun. Basilio, now a changed man, and after hearing about Julà ®s suicide, finally joins Simoun’s revolution. Simoun then tells Basilio his plan at the wedding of Paulita Gà ³mez and Juanito, Basilio’s hunch-backed classmate. His plan was to conceal an explosive which contains nitroglycerin inside a pomegranate-styled Ker osene lamp that Simoun will give to the newlyweds as a gift during the wedding reception. According to Simoun, the lamp will stay lighted for only 20 minutes before it flickers; if someone attempts to turn the wick, it will explode and kill everyone—important members of civil society and the Church hierarchy—inside the house. Basilio has a change of heart and attempts to warn Isagani, his friend and the former boyfriend of Paulita. Simoun leaves the reception early as planned and leaves a note behind: Initially thinking that it was simply a bad joke, Father Salvà ­ recognizes the handwriting and confirms that it was indeed Ibarra’s. As people begin to panic, the lamp flickers. Father Irene tries to turn the wick up when Isagani, due to his undying love for Paulita, bursts in the room and throws the lamp into the river, sabotaging Simouns plans. He escapes by diving into the river as guards chase after him. He later regrets his impulsive action because he had contradicted his own belief that he loved his nation more than Paulita and that the explosion and revolution could have fulfilled his ideals for Filipino society. Simoun, now unmasked as the perpetrator of the attempted arson and failed revolution, becomes a fugitive. Wounded and exhausted after he was shot by the pursuing Guardia Civil, he seeks shelter at the home of Father Florentino, Isagani’s uncle, and comes under the care of doctor Tiburcio de Espadaà ±a, Doà ±a Victorinas husband, who was also hiding at the house. Simoun takes poison in order for him not to be captured alive. Before he dies, he reveals his real identity to Florentino while they exchange thoughts about the failure of his revolution and why God forsook him, when all he wanted was to avenge the people important to him that were wronged, such as Elias,  Maria Clara and his father, Don Rafael. Florentino opines that God did not forsake him and that his plans were not for the greater good but for personal gain. Simoun, finally accepting Florentino’s explanation, squeezes his hand and dies. Florentino then takes Simoun’s remaining jewels and throws them into the Pacific Ocean with the corals hoping that they would not be used by the greedy, and that when the time came that it would be used for the greater good.

The Critical Contextual Studies Media Essay

The Critical Contextual Studies Media Essay Marshall McLuhan wrote of existing in the age of re-tribalised man and residing in the global village. Throughout my research I will examine these concepts in relation to the effects of modern media, especially television and the internet, and how it has changed the way we communicate with others around the world. Canadian born theorist Marashall McLuhan (1911-1980) was an English graduate turned media analisist. His first Popular book the mechanical bride looked at advertising and it was a ground breaking piece of writing as it was the first time that anyone had ever studied advertisments as a form of communication, from then McLuhan had the concept that the content of the media was irrelevant, but the form of which the media took was the importance the medium is the message. The telephone for example as a medium has significant impact on our enviroment and the way we live and communicate however the conversation we have on the telephone affects very few people just as what we print is nothing to the effect of the idea of the printed word. This can be better explained in another quote from McLuhan: the content of a medium is like a juicey piece of meat by the burgular to distract the watchdog of the mindà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦The effects of technology do not occur at the level of opinions or concepts, but alter sense ratios or patterns of perception steadily and without rissistance he recoginised and understood the power of media and argued how it plays an important part in shaping and structuring human culture in terms of the way we communicate and the way we experience the world. we shape our tools and then our tools shape us McLuhan also saw the importance of new media technologies as new media brings new forms of communication. Mcluhan formed the concept of hot media and cool media: In this theory McLuhan gave the lable of hot media to forms of media that stimulate only one of the human senses whilst interacting with it, for example he suggests listeing to the radio or reading a book, watching a film, Viewing a photograph or sitting in a lecture require one sense. However cool media requires more active partisipation this form of media can be Conversation, television, telephone, comics, the seminar. he belives the electonic age offers a more diverse multi sensory environment, he claims we use more of our senses with multimedia rather than singlular media and this makes us more true to our natural state. In this theory Mcluhan looks simplistically to the physical interaction in terms of senses and doesnt acknowledge the engagment the singular media has to our imagination or to our sentiment. Although McLuhan is incredibley insightful he does get critised for not leaving room for evaluation, he looks generally and broadly not looking at individuality or things suc h as values; as indicated in a dibate with Norman Mailer 1968. Re-tribalised Man McLuhan had another theory were he defined three ages of man, separated according to the means of the form of communication (media) used and which of our senses is involed. In this theory McLuhan identifies the first age was the preliterate or tribal era Where the spoken word was the main way to communicate and our hearing was our most important sense, He also identified the second age is the gutenberg Age where the main media was the written word (print) and our sight became more important than our hearing. McLuhan then goes on to suggest the third age is the electronic age of the re-tribalized Man where all our senses are involved in the interaction to the form of media. Mcluhan doesnt suggest the book or the print is not still important, there is just a shift in the nature of the book; by this he means there is change with how we interact with books and how much we depend on it. As the book before digital media was the sourse of all our information about the world and each other. before the book we relied on verbal communication to exchange information to and from each other, it was a communal interactive experience where as the book is a very private experience and he sees we are shifting back to a more social interactive way of sharing information. Mcluhan compares the writen word to an assembley line where words like parts are moving in one diraction and assembled one part at a time and he speaks of how at the time the assembley line has changed where its no longer one component at a time its now as many parts delivered mechanically all at once where ever possible. he says you relise its no longer a line but an open field , He also talkes of the tribal man in this quote The world is like a continually sounding tribal drum constantly bangingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ the princess gets married in London bang bang bang we hear about ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. Global Village McLuhan saw technology as having become an extension of our senses. McLuhan saw the Radio or Telephone as an extension of the ear and Television and Computer as being the extension of our eyes. These technologies allowed us to project our senses beyond our limited physical range. He saw the pace of which we can communicate through electronic media is parallel to the speed of our senses. Through technology such as the telephone, television, computer systems and the Internet, we are able to Interact with people across the world as quickly as it would take us to contact and converse with the people who inhabit the same physical space as us (i.e the people that live in the same village). To understand what McLuhan means with the term global village we need to identify what he meant by village in this metaphor. In a sense the village represents a small environment in which people can easily communicate and interact quickly and know of all the events that takes place. As McLuhan writes: Time has ceased, space has vanished. We now live in a global village a simultaneous happening McLuhan is communicating the idea that through our extended senses we can now share and experience things on a global scale, we can share things with people on the other side of the world, as if we were with people in the same physical space. McLuhan also saw the global village as a potentially invasive community in an interview McLuhan says: the global village isnt a place where you have harmony. It has extreme concern in everyone elses business and much involvement in everyone elses life. it means huge involvement in everyones affairsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ The global village is as big as a planet and as small as a village post office. In many senses I think McLuhan was very insightful when talking about the global village to the shift into the digital age of which we live today, particularly when analyzing the quote above and applying it to social media such as Facebook . On sites like Facebook there is constant dramas and bickering whether this is caused by over sharing some information or people digging into someone elses information, so we can see validation in McLuhans quote. However there are many good qualities to social media too such as being instantly connected to friends and family across the world. I can also see that McLuhan also had something in his idea about certain medias being an extension of our physical selves, although he did not mean it literally one can see that todays generation are constantly attached to their mobile phones, although its not actually physically part of us we are rarely without it as if it were a detachable appendage. The device is kept at hand like a pair of glasses. I think McLuhan is not only correct when talking about the computer or telephone but also television, I think it can allow us to experience the world and some situations as close as we can without physically being there, like living life looking through a window we get to see what world wide tragedies are being broadcast in the news as if we were there viewing it for ourselves. With television we can get to experience a reality from a distance.

William Ramsay Essay -- essays research papers fc

William Ramsay William Ramsay was born on the second of October, in the year 1852. William, and his parents, William and Catherine, lived in Glasgow, Scotland. William Ramsay performed his work in his native town, until 1870 when he went to Tà ¼bingen and earned his doctorate in 1872. When returned to Scotland later that year, he became an assistant chemist at the Anderson College in Glasgow. Eight years later, he was appointed principal and professor of chemistry at London University, which held until his retirement in 1913.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ramsay’s earliest works were in the field of organic chemistry. In his early experiments he showed that the alkaloids are related to pyridine, which he synthesized in 1876 from acetylene and prussic acid. Some of his first work was related with the study of a new Bismuth mineral, which was only recognized as a metal until the 18th Century. William Ramsay also verified Roland Eà ¶tvà ¶'s law for the constancy of the rate of change of molecular surface energy with temperature. Ramsay published his work in accordance to Dobbie, on the decomposition products of the quinine alkaloids. William was very successful and submitted many contributions to physical chemistry, being mostly on Stoichiometry and Thermodynamics. He also commenced the 1880’s with his work with Sidney Young on evaporation and dissociation.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In 1892, a British physicist named Lord Rayleigh asked chemists to explain the difference bet...

Blacks Attempt To Achieve Equality :: United States History Historical Essays

Blacks' Attempt To Achieve Equality The second amendment of the Constitution guarantees the right of American citizens â€Å"to bear arms shall not be infringed† by the United States government (2nd Amendment). Robert Williams understood how significant this right was to the protection of Black lives which were targets of racism and violence. He advocated the use of violence as a means of self defense and organized local blacks into a â€Å"rifle club with a charter from the National Rifle Association† (60). Skip Curtiss defends this position saying, â€Å"any steps that (Williams) had to take in order to prevent his family and his people from being slaughtered like cattle were completely within his rights† (Curtiss). This is certainly true regarding Williams right to own guns, as explained above, but below the surface of Curtiss’ statement, lie many questions regarding the results the threat of violence has produced. Retaliating against racism with violence actually produces effects whi ch are detrimental to the integrationist movement. Whites felt threatened by Williams militaristic statements, which caused them to hold onto their power with a increasingly tighter grip. Non violence has moral superiority to, is more logically sound than and has produced much more favorable results than armed self defense, and is thus a much better method in the struggle to achieve equality. The most famous advocate of non violence was Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. In his essay â€Å"A Letter From a Birmingham Jail† he articulates the position of non violence. Justified is King in his civil disobedience because certain laws treat people unequally, and are therefore immoral. He demonstrates out of protest of these laws, but knows that by breaking laws he must accept certain penalties. King feels that resorting to violence only equates the abused with the abuser. Thus in the fight for a morally just cause, Blacks must not resort to immoral tactics else they becomes victims of hypocrisy. The major problem with armed resistance to protect Black’s lives is that it is does not have a means to produce the ends, which is equality. Williams Asserts that â€Å"the basic ill is an economic ill, (Blacks are) denied the right to have a decent standard of living† (40). No one can logically disagree with this, but threatening to use violence is not a solution. As Williams found out, his position actually made matters worse. Blacks' Attempt To Achieve Equality :: United States History Historical Essays Blacks' Attempt To Achieve Equality The second amendment of the Constitution guarantees the right of American citizens â€Å"to bear arms shall not be infringed† by the United States government (2nd Amendment). Robert Williams understood how significant this right was to the protection of Black lives which were targets of racism and violence. He advocated the use of violence as a means of self defense and organized local blacks into a â€Å"rifle club with a charter from the National Rifle Association† (60). Skip Curtiss defends this position saying, â€Å"any steps that (Williams) had to take in order to prevent his family and his people from being slaughtered like cattle were completely within his rights† (Curtiss). This is certainly true regarding Williams right to own guns, as explained above, but below the surface of Curtiss’ statement, lie many questions regarding the results the threat of violence has produced. Retaliating against racism with violence actually produces effects whi ch are detrimental to the integrationist movement. Whites felt threatened by Williams militaristic statements, which caused them to hold onto their power with a increasingly tighter grip. Non violence has moral superiority to, is more logically sound than and has produced much more favorable results than armed self defense, and is thus a much better method in the struggle to achieve equality. The most famous advocate of non violence was Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. In his essay â€Å"A Letter From a Birmingham Jail† he articulates the position of non violence. Justified is King in his civil disobedience because certain laws treat people unequally, and are therefore immoral. He demonstrates out of protest of these laws, but knows that by breaking laws he must accept certain penalties. King feels that resorting to violence only equates the abused with the abuser. Thus in the fight for a morally just cause, Blacks must not resort to immoral tactics else they becomes victims of hypocrisy. The major problem with armed resistance to protect Black’s lives is that it is does not have a means to produce the ends, which is equality. Williams Asserts that â€Å"the basic ill is an economic ill, (Blacks are) denied the right to have a decent standard of living† (40). No one can logically disagree with this, but threatening to use violence is not a solution. As Williams found out, his position actually made matters worse.

Leadership Ann Fudge casestudy Essay

1. Where would Ann Fudge be placed in each of the five factor model (FFM) categories? Ann Fudge was open to experience, because she traveled around the world, and she visited other Y&R employees. She was agreeable, easy to get along with because she got along with consumers, factory workers on a production line, and executives as well. Dependable, they could depend on Ann because she was committed to her work. She worked 15-hour shifts and she worked very hard. She came into the company in a stressful time but was focused and got the company back on track so she works well with neuroticism, she coped well even with stress. Ann is conscientious as well because she had the ability to interact effectively with constituencies of a consumer business. 2. Ann Fudge decided to take a sabbatical to focus on her personal life. Based on her experience what are the benefits of such a break? What might be some drawbacks? The benefit of the break was a chance for Ann to clear her head and so she can focus better so she can get refreshed with new experiences. She wrote a book â€Å"The Artist’s Way at Work† about improving creativity and innovation on the job. So this is one of the benefits as well, writing the book I think had a positive effect on her work. I don’t think there were and drawbacks, because at Y&R she was back again working hard and she was very successful.

Enemy Mine Fiction or Reality? Essay

Description Enemy mine is an excellent movie of scientific fiction made in 1985 in which two involved warriors in a wild future war between the Earth and the Dracon planet, where in a middle of a spaceship fight they are forced to land in a desolate and inhospitable planet. The principle, the human being (Dennis Quaid) and its enemy, a foreign reptile (Louis Gosset, Jr) are determined to mutual destruction. But after face the forces of nature and one to the other, the two lost pilots gradually perceive that the only way to remain alive is surpassing the mortal hatred. The Plot In the 21 century human and Dracs fight for the right of universe, a Dracon (Jeriba) and the human (Davidge) while battling both crash-landing in Fyrine IV. After initial hostilities, the two eventually learn to cooperate to be able to survive. They work together to construct a shelter for protection, and to satisfy its necessities for the food, the water, and the heat. They learn to surpass their differences, they become friends, and they learn each other languages, cultures and religion which have similar words. Later, Jeriba facing death while giving birth teaches Davidge its full ancestry, a necessity of its child (Zammis) must be accepted in the society of Drac. Davidge raises Zammis as its own child. On the years, Davidge and Zammis have a special connection, as Zammis relates to Davidge as his uncle. Davidge realize there are humans mining the planet to gather minerals called ore, and knows that they use Dracs as slaves, and Davidge tried to protect Zammis to be captured or killed. Zammis however, does not realize the danger and go to look the spaceship, and he is captured by the miners and Davidge is injured in the attempt to save the Child Drac. Davidge is left in planet surface, a ship of B. T. A patrol finds Davidge unconscious, and takes him to the space station where he was living before disappear in Fyrine IV. In the station, Davidge confused to be dead, but awakes when one of the engineers tries to steal the small book that Jeriba had given years to Davidge when he whished to learn the language of Drac. The patrol and doctors discovered that Davidge speaks fluent the Dracon language. Some day later, Davidge is reestablished to the duty, and steals a fighter and goes back to Fyrine IV where the miners kept Zammis. Davidge manages to find the ship and the slaves of Drac where they helped Davidge to surpass the human and eventually find Zammis. Davidge helps also take all the slaves of Drac in return to their planet and a ceremony of introduction of Zammis in way that can be accepted in the society of Drac. The Conclusion This history shows us an uniformity between two different races, a human and alien, both races hate them selves without knowing their history, culture, religion and language. But because they were trapped in a hostile planet they were force to work together in order to survive, they learned each other, language, culture and religion and the human realize that even a Alien has something alike the bible. They become friends and even show an event where the Alien gives a birth and die after and the human raises the child alien as if was his own child. This history seems very alike with our actual society where the hatred is spread around the world, people hate each other just because their differences, culture, religion and sometimes even the language. As in the movie shows how humans can be terrible, as our society used to slavery innocent people just because their differences and forced them to work in our own benefit, this practice should be banned many years ago, but as we know in some places the slavery still in practice and some people just ignore the facts. But like in the movie it shows also when our society face difficulties make us to recognize that this world does not belong to only one specific race, religion, culture or language and we need to work together in order to survive. We can forget that we are in the same planet, sharing and facing issues, not matter what the belief, culture or language is. To survive we need to work together, tried to understand the difference between other races and not neglect them. The humans might take few more hundreds of years to change, but I believe that one day we will have peace among our world.

Nursing and Principles of Protecting Patient Safety Case Study

Nursing and Principles of Protecting Patient Safety - Case Study Example First, the nurses would electronically sign off on IV bags, for instance, so that they would be available when they were needed, even though they had to be junked sometimes when the situation for their need ceased to be operative, or the doctors changed their minds. There was no procedure in place also to make sure that nurses remembered what they signed for electronically, as they did this at the end of the shift or during their breaks. The redundant electronic and manual entries were procedural elements that led to lapses due to human errors that are understandable given the situation. No, the nurses are not negligent. The procedure is flawed (Brindley, 2010; WHO, 2002; AMA, 2013; Jones, n.d.) It is not below the standard of care to delay the documentation for the documentation, given that this has to take a lower priority in a list of priorities that include spending time with more critical patient-related tasks, such as administering the medications, doing the rounds, and assisting the doctors with patient-related needs. This is an error in a procedure that the nurses were made to go into, and which led to understandable lapses (Brindley, 2010; WHO, 2002; AMA, 2013; Jones, n.d.). The primary consideration is the intent. Do the nurses have an intent to cheat procedures in order to gain personally and to compromise patient safety and outcomes? Is the intent criminal, or are the mistakes and lapses understandable consequences of nurses making mistakes due to flaws in procedures themselves? Are the nurses working in earnest, rather than intentionally cheating in order to gain access to narcotics for their own use? (Brindley, 2010; WHO, 2002; AMA, 2013; Jones, n.d.) The charges the hospital may level against the nurse would be an intentional breach of procedure in order to procure narcotics and cheat the hospital, and criminal intent to compromise patient safety by compromising supplies of vital  narcotics, among many other potential cases.  

An exegetical study of Genesis 32 verses 22-32 Essay

An exegetical study of Genesis 32 verses 22-32 - Essay Example and have prevailed.† 29Then Jacob asked him and said, â€Å"Please tell me your name.† But he said, â€Å"Why is it that you ask my name?† And he blessed him there. 31Now the sun rose upon him just as he crossed over Penuel, and he was limping on his thigh. 32Therefore to this day, the sons of Israel do not eat the sinew of the hip which is on the socket of the thigh, because he touched the socket of Jacob’s thigh in the sinew of the hip. (New American Standard Bible) The account of Jacob’s wrestling match at the ford of Jabbok is, admittedly, a rather difficult passage to interpret because of the surrealism of the occurrence: In the middle of the night, Jacob decides to send his wives and children and their possessions over the ford (vv. 22-23); from out of nowhere, a man appears and wrestles with Jacob who, for some reason, is left behind or stays behind on the other side of the ford (v. 24); the match goes on for an extended period, that is, until daybreak (v. 24), and Jacob demands for a blessing when the man tries to disengage (v. 26); right there, Jacob’s name is changed to Israel, and the place is named Peniel as well (vv. 28, 30). On the surface, the meaning of the passage is not made immediately clear, for as one goes through it initially, it reads as though it is a dream sequence. However, there seems to be no concrete reason to suppose such. It seems fairly clear that there was an actual crossing that occurred (v. 22), an d that Jacob was physically hurt by the encounter (v. 31b â€Å"†¦and he was limping on his thigh.†). Hence, the passage indicates rather clearly a turning point not only in Jacob’s life, but in the consequent Israelite history, as evidenced by the effects of the nocturnal encounter (v. 32). At any rate, this particular analysis of the narrative focuses on the name changes that are apparent in the text, specifically the change of Jacob’s name to Israel, and the place of the struggle being named Peniel. Such name-changing has

E-HARMONY Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

E-HARMONY - Article Example Also, the buyers have high bargaining power as there is an increasing number of substitutes available and they show sensitivity to the prices charged to them. Moreover, they are looking for special customized services so that they feel valued. New entrants have medium to low intensity as there are low barriers for industry in general but relatively high barriers for specific target market. The enterprises have to invest huge amount of money in Research and there are patented algorithms. Additionally, there is strong requirement of having a strong brand name to compete effectively. In order to analyze E-Harmony’s value proposition or business model, the core competencies and value creating constituents are discussed. The core competency of the firm is in its highly integrated system which comprises of three components i.e. Personality Profile, Matching Algorithm and Guided Communication. This entire procedures has been designed in such a way that the customers are contended with the value for their money invested in availing the service. Also, this procedure has been incorporated after extensive research so that the matchmaking is undertaken with perfection. In addition to these three crucial elements, the other value generating activities are openness in communication, creation of E-Harmony labs, singles only policy, sufficient allocation of funds in marketing techniques and premium prices for memberships. After a detailed review of E-Harmony’s internal and external environment, it is apparent that it is following a differentiated strategy for attaining the competitive advantage. The company is mainly targeting the niche market which comprises of highly competent pool of candidates. Although the process of registration is time-consuming but eventually the customers are satisfied as they find the most compatible spouse. Furthermore, the enterprise has allocated adequate amount of funds in marketing campaigns so that it can employ

Doctor Faustus Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Doctor Faustus - Essay Example Mann characterizes the changes in his society as a manifestation of rot. It is essential to highlight that the novel is an abstract piece that manifests the dark side of concepts that are accepted as ideal for a changing society. This explains why it profiles the life of a maddened intellectual as a person who is unfit for the good of a society and chastises the nationalist ideals taking over Germany in the fascist era. By breaking into Biblical nuances, the novel announces that the end has come. In the beginning of the 20th century, Germany adopts a dangerous nationalistic attitude that defines the attitudes of her young people. In 1919, Zeitblum and Leverkhun attend a salon in the home of a Munich’s art collector. At this time, the war has destroyed the bourgeois values. This signifies an impressive tiding for Germany as the oppressed classes achieve the platform for socio-economic fulfillment in their lives. The professors of the nationalistic ideal, however, hail the era as a revolution for purifying the German nation. Zeitblum manifests this ideal as a savage attitude that will shuffle back Germany to the Dark Ages. In the changing Germany, family life is highly compromised. In Zeitblom’s account of events, there is a notable death for gratifying love relationships. In turn, marriages can only thrive in the realm of society in excluded rural settings. In such settings, there is a sense of purity that still bars the society from the infected climate that pervades the whole country. Inez and Helmut’s union is central to the understanding of a typical relationship that occurs in the 20th century Germany. In the narrative, Inez chooses Helmet for the security of a bourgeois life that he will eventually bestow upon the family. A tendency towards perfection constrains the development of love in such a family life. As the story develops, it emerges that Inez is in love with Rudi

Thomas Hobbes Ieviathan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Thomas Hobbes Ieviathan - Essay Example Always he based his argument on the violent deaths of men on the hands of another man. He believed that the only way natural laws could work was only by submitting the commands t the sovereign. Thomas Hobbes, Leviathan, Oxford 1996 Thomas Hobbes has his own reputation on political philosophy. He is widely known to be a thinker with so many interests in political philosophy. In the world of philosophy, Thomas H. is widely known for his defense on a wide range of issues that included Naminalist, empiricist, and materialist views in contrast to republic. In history too, he is also known to have translated Thucydides History of the Peloponnesian war in to now English which saw him later write his own history on the long parliament. Generally, Thomas H. is widely known for his participation in his intellectual life.1 His vision of the world is original and still relevant to the contemporary politics. His main concern is majorly the problems of the social and political order, which is how human beings can live together without fear or civil conflicts in our societies. He has ever insisted in giving our obedience to an account able sovereign person or group to determine every social political issue. Otherwise, what awaits us is a state of nature, which more closely resembles a civil war whereby everybody in any society is in a state of fear. It is due to Hobbes interpretations, which lead to so many controversies as to whether he sees human beings as merely egoistic or purely self-interested. He goes on to posits unconnected and primitive state of nature whereby men have the natural proclivity to hurt another man and have rights over everything even to one another’s body. This is what making me defends Hobbes in his argument whereby powers should be rested on the sovereign state. Power is entrusted to a certain group who ensures that there is law and order in that state and no civil wars2. In the early 1640s, this is the time when Hobbes started making an impac t with most of the philosophical writings and one of his own was the elements of law, whereby he started with the developments of the workings of the human mind and language also the political matters. One of his first published books on philosophy was the De Cive published in 1642, which encompasses three main aspects, which included Empire, Liberty, and religion. Later when in France Hobbes then wrote Leviathan and this book was published in 1651. Leviathan basically comprises of matters of scriptural interpretation and it is in this book where majorly his work evolves in. Leviathan is a book written by Thomas Hobbes during the civil war. Its concerns are basically on the society and the legitimate government hence taken as one of the examples of the social contract theory. He argues that social unity and civil peace can only be achieved through the establishment of a commonwealth through the social contract. This common wealth is then ruled by either a sovereign power or even a s ingle ruler who provides security to the common wealth. He is a man who has lived in fear, which then eventually led him to write the leviathan. In his book, He set out the foundation of states plus the legitimate governments, which are said to have originated from the social contract theory3. This book is known to have been written during the English civil wars. It was as a result of these evil

Tutorial Linguistic Essay Example for Free

Tutorial Linguistic Essay I. Linguistics analysis Linguistic Pitfalls aims at settling some problems of sentence meaning by identifying what problems there is. Meaning-Incompleteness(éâ€"•ç ¾ ©): lack of reference point (parameter), and the sentence meaning becomes incomplete. Ambiguity(æ ­ §Ã§ ¾ ©): more than one meaning in an expression, and the context cannot show which meaning it refers to. Vagueness(Ã¥  «Ã¦ · ·): some relative terms does not have a clear-cut boundary, and the expression becomes trivial. Reification(Ã¥ ¯ ¦Ã¥Å'â€"): an abstract name is used as concrete name, and it may arouses confusion. Colored Expression(è‘â€"è‰ ²): a situation is described by emotive terms without reason or explanations Idiosyncratic Sense(ç™â€"ç ¾ ©): use an abnormal meaning without explanation or announcement Whether it commits linguistic pitfalls, we have to identify if it offenses the PRINCIPLE and harms out thinking. II. Exercises Identify which pitfalls they commit with justifications. 1. æŸ Ã¨ ­ °Ã¥â€œ ¡Ã¨ ¢ «Ã¦â€° ¹Ã¨ ©â€¢Ã¤ ºâ€¹Ã¤ ºâ€¹Ã¨ ¦ ªÃ¤ ¸ ­Ã¯ ¼Å'æŸ Ã¨ ­ °Ã¥â€œ ¡Ã§â€º ´Ã¨ ª Ã¤ ¸ Ã¨ « ±Ã¯ ¼Å'ä ¸ ¦Ã¤ ¸â€Ã¨ ª ªÃ¯ ¼Å¡Ã£â‚¬Å'ä ¸ ­Ã¥Å"‹ä º ºÃ¨ ¦ ªÃ¤ ¸ ­Ã¦Ëœ ¯Ã§ â€ Ã¦â€°â‚¬Ã§â€¢ ¶Ã§â€ž ¶Ã§Å¡â€žÃ£â‚¬â€šÃ£â‚¬  2. 我çÅ"‹éŸ“劇æÅ"Æ'å“ ­Ã¯ ¼Å'å›  Ã§â€š ºÃ¦Ë†â€˜Ã¥ ¿Æ'è… ¸Ã¥ ¥ ½Ã£â‚¬â€šÃ¤ ½â€ Ã¤ ½  Ã¤ ¸ Ã¤ ¸â‚¬Ã¦ ¨ £Ã¯ ¼Å'ä ½  Ã¦Ëœ ¯Ã¥ ¤ ªÃ¦ ¿ «Ã¦Æ'…〠Ã¥ ¤ ªÃ¦Ëœâ€œÃ¥ â€"Ã¥ ½ ±Ã©Å¸ ¿Ã£â‚¬â€š 3. Ã¥Å" ¨Ã¦ ª ¢Ã¨Ë†â€°Ã¥ ®ËœÃ¨ ³ ªÃ¥â€¢ Ã¤ ¸â€¹Ã¯ ¼Å'å…‹æžâ€"é  â€œÃ¦â€° ¿Ã¨ ª Ã¦â€™ «Ã¦â€˜ ¸Ã¤ »â€"ä º ºÃ¨Æ' ¸Ã©Æ' ¨Ã¥ Å Ã§ § Ã¨â„¢â€¢Ã¤ » ¥Ã¥Ë† ºÃ¦ ¿â‚¬Ã¤ »â€"ä º ºÃ¦â‚¬ §Ã¦ ¬ ²Ã¯ ¼Å'æ˜ ¯Ã¦â‚¬ §Ã©â€"Å"ä ¿â€šÃ¤ ¸â‚¬Ã©Æ' ¨Ã¥Ë†â€ Ã£â‚¬â€šÃ¤ ½â€ Ã§â€¢ ¶Ã¨ ³ ªÃ¥â€¢ Ã¤ »â€"Ã¥ ° Ã¥  £Ã¤ º ¤Ã§Å¡â€žÃ§Å"‹æ ³â€¢Ã¦Ëœ ¤Ã¯ ¼Å'ä »â€"ä ¸â‚¬Ã¥â€  Ã¥ ¼ ·Ã¨ ª ¿Ã¯ ¼Å'Ã¥Å" ¨Ã¥â€¦ ¶Ã¥ ®Å¡Ã§ ¾ ©Ã¤ ¸ ­Ã¯ ¼Å'Ã¥  £Ã¤ º ¤Ã¤ ¸ Ã§ ®â€"æ€ §Ã©â€"Å"ä ¿â€šÃ¤ ¸â‚¬Ã©Æ' ¨Ã¥Ë†â€ Ã£â‚¬â€šÃ¤ »â€"與è Å Ã¦ º «Ã¦â€" ¯Ã¥Å¸ ºÃ¦ ²â€™Ã¦Å "‰æ€ §Ã©â€"Å"ä ¿â€šÃ£â‚¬â€š 4. ä ¸ »Ã¥ ¸ ­Ã¤ ¸ Ã¦ » ¿Ã¨ ¨ËœÃ¨â‚¬â€¦Ã§Å¡â€žÃ¦  Ã¥â€¢ Ã¨ ª ªÃ¯ ¼Å'ã€Å'ä ½  Ã¥â‚¬â€˜Ã¥ ¤ ªÃ¥ « ©Ã¤ ºâ€ Ã£â‚¬â€šÃ¥â€¢ Ã© ¡Å'Ã¥ ¤ ªÃ§ ° ¡Ã¥â€" ®Ã¯ ¼Å'æÅ"‰æ™‚æ› ´Ã¦Ëœ ¯Ã¥ ¤ ©Ã§Å"Ÿã€‚〠 5. æŸ Ã¦ ¥Å Ã¥Å" ¨Ã¤ »â€"çš„æ› ¸Ã£â‚¬Å Ã©â€ Å"陋的ä ¸ ­Ã¥Å"‹ä º ºÃ£â‚¬â€¹Ã¤ ¸ ­Ã¦Å'‡å‡ ºÃ¯ ¼Å'ã€Å'ä ¸ ­Ã¥Å"‹ä º ºÃ¦Ëœ ¯Ã©â€ Å"陋的〠Ã¯ ¼Å'ä ½  Ã¨ ª Ã¥ Å'Ã¥â€"Žï ¼Å¸ 6. é› »Ã¨ ¨Å Ã¥â€¦ ¬Ã¥  ¸Ã¥ » £Ã¥â€˜Å Ã¯ ¼Å¡Ã£â‚¬Å'æâ€" °Ã¨ ¨Ë†Ã¥Å Æ'æ ¯ Ã¥Ë†â€ Ã© ËœÃ¤ ¾ ¿Ã¥ ®Å"ï ¼â€Ã¦ ¯â€ºÃ©Å' ¢Ã£â‚¬â€šÃ£â‚¬  7. æŸ Ã¨ ¶â€¦Ã¥ ¸â€šÃ¥ » £Ã¥â€˜Å Ã¨ ª Ã§â€š ºÃ¯ ¼Å'è ² ¨Ã¥â€œ Ã¦ ¸â€ºÃ¥Æ' ¹Ã¦Ëœ ¯Ã§â€š ºÃ¤ ½  Ã¥â‚¬â€˜Ã¦ ¶Ë†Ã¨ ² »Ã¨â‚¬â€¦Ã¦â€" ¥Ã¦â€" ¥Ã¨ ³ ºÃ©Å' ¢Ã£â‚¬â€š 8. é ¦â„¢Ã¦ ¸ ¯Ã© â€™Ã¥ ¹ ´(80Ã¥ ¾Å')æ˜ ¯Ã¥  ¯Ã¦â‚¬â€¢Ã§Å¡â€žÃ¥â€¹â€¢Ã¤ ºâ€šÃ¥Ë†â€ Ã¥ ­ Ã£â‚¬â€š 9. çÆ' ¹Ã© £ ªÃ¦â€¢â„¢Ã¥ ¸ «Ã¦â€¢â„¢Ã¦Å½Ë†Ã¥ ­ ¸Ã§â€Å¸Ã¥ ¦â€šÃ¤ ½â€¢Ã§â€¦ ®Ã¦Å½â€™Ã© ª ¨Ã¦â„¢â€šÃ¯ ¼Å'æÅ'‡å‡ ºÃ¯ ¼Å¡Ã£â‚¬Å'è ¦ Ã¥Å   Ã¥â€¦ ¥Ã©  ©Ã©â€¡ Ã§Å¡â€žÃ© ¹ ½Ã¥â€™Å'ç ³â€"。〠 10. æ› ¼Ã¨  ¯Ã§â„¢ ¼Ã¨ ¨â‚¬Ã¤ º ºÃ¦Å'‡å‡ ºÃ¯ ¼Å'Ã¥ ¦â€šÃ¦Å¾Å"é ¦â„¢Ã¦ ¸ ¯Ã©â€šâ‚¬Ã¨ «â€¹Ã¦â€º ¼Ã¨  ¯Ã¥Ë† °Ã© ¦â„¢Ã¦ ¸ ¯Ã¤ ½Å"è ³ ½Ã¯ ¼Å'Ã¥ ¿â€¦Ã¥ ®Å¡Ã¦ ´ ¾Ã¥â€¡ ºÃ¤ ¸ »Ã¥Å â€ºÃ§ Æ'å“ ¡Ã£â‚¬ Ã¦Å"ی ¼ ·Ã©â„¢ £Ã¥ ® ¹Ã¦  ±Ã¤ ¾â€ Ã£â‚¬â€š 11. Ã¥ Æ'å… ¬Ã¤ »â€Ã©  ¢Ã¦Ëœ ¯Ã§â€ž ¡Ã§â€ºÅ Ã§Å¡â€žÃ£â‚¬â€š 12. Ã¥ ¦â€šÃ¦Å¾Å"æ„›æÆ'…å  â€¦Ã¥ ®Å¡Ã¯ ¼Å'怎æ ¨ £Ã§Å¡â€žÃ¨ ¡ Ã¦â€œÅ Ã©Æ' ½Ã¤ ¸ Ã¨ ®Å Ã¯ ¼â€ºÃ¥ ¦â€šÃ¦Å¾Å"æ„›æÆ'…ä ¸ Ã¥  â€¦Ã¥ ®Å¡Ã¯ ¼Å'æ ²â€™Ã¦Å"‰è ¡ Ã¦â€œÅ Ã©Æ' ½Ã¦Å"Æ'è ®Å Ã£â‚¬â€š 13. ï ¼â€™Ã¯ ¼ Ã¯ ¼ Ã¯ ¼ Ã¥ ¹ ´Ã¯ ¼Å'ä ¸â‚¬Ã¤ ½ Ã¨  ¯Ã¦â€"‡æ‰€å“ ¡Ã¥ · ¥Ã£â‚¬Å'æÅ'‰éÅ' ¯Ã¦Å½ £Ã£â‚¬ Ã¯ ¼Å'把å ¾Å'å‚™é› »Ã¦ º Ã©â€"Å"掉ï ¼Å'ä » ¤Ã©â€º »Ã¨â€¦ ¦Ã§ ³ »Ã§ µ ±Ã§â„¢ ±Ã§Ëœâ€œÃ¯ ¼Å'Ã¥ ¼â€¢Ã¨â€¡ ´Ã¨â€š ¡Ã§ ¥ ¨Ã¤ º ¤Ã¦Ëœâ€œÃ¥ Å"ä ºâ€ Ã¯ ¼â€™Ã¯ ¼ Ã¥Ë†â€ Ã© ËœÃ£â‚¬â€šÃ¤ ½â€ Ã¨  ¯Ã¤ º ¤Ã¦â€°â‚¬Ã¨ ¡Å'æ” ¿Ã§ ¸ ½Ã¨ £ Ã¥ ¾ Ã¨â‚¬â‚¬Ã¨  ¯Ã¥  â€¦Ã§ ¨ ±Ã©â‚¬â„¢Ã¥  ªÃ¦Ëœ ¯Ã£â‚¬Å'ä º ºÃ¦â€°â€¹Ã¦â€ž Ã¥ ¤â€"〠Ã¯ ¼Å'ä ¸ Ã¦Ëœ ¯Ã£â‚¬Å'ä º ºÃ§â€š ºÃ©Å' ¯

Comprehending English text

Comprehending English text CHAPTER 1 1.0 Introduction Reading ability is a very important element in a higher education level. Since English has become the lingua franca or the language of all regions, students of a higher education as in the tertiary level must be able to read and comprehend English text. Reading is a vital for an individual especially students of a higher education for many reasons. Reading is done by most people in order to obtain information, to make decision or for pleasure. Professionals too read to expand their knowledge and skills. Hence, the ability to read well is a valuable asset because any act either education professional or less need at least some reading ability. Furthermore, tremendous quantity of reading material makes the reading possible. However, if an individual can read but could not understand the meaning of what he has read, then the reading served no purpose to him. In fact, he will face a lot of problem in order to acquire information. Since reading skill plays a major role in education, great emphasis is given towards this skill started from the early school. Knowledge in most cases is imparted through printed material. Therefore, in order to have an effective teaching learning atmosphere, the students should be able to read and comprehend English text. Same goes when the students are in the higher education level, reading is still one most important skill to be mastered as there are thousands of education source are written in English. Reading is an active mental process which deals with interaction between readers and the text. A good reader is hypothesized as who are not only able to comprehend the text as a whole but are also who are able to employ various skills such as scanning, skimming, locating information, predicting, understanding, sequencing and interfering while comprehending the text. Weak readers on the other hand may only read the text where they can only understand the text at the surface level. 1.1 Background Of The Problem Difficulties in comprehending English text within Malaysian students have occurred so many years ago. In order for them to excel in the higher education level as in the tertiary level depends very much on their ability to read and comprehend text because reading is a fundamental asset for every individual. Brunan W.K (1980) for instant defines reading as a two way interaction in which information is exchange between the reader and the author. From many researches done, it shows that there are a lot of difficulties faced by Malaysian students and also by the native speakers in comprehending English text. This happen caused by several factors or problems that contribute to the difficulty of comprehending text such as low vocabularies, different social background knowledge, sentence length and also the term used. Based on my own experience, I am facing with students who are having this kind of problem, difficulties in comprehending English text. This happen when they are given a text written in English such as journals by their lecturer as the material was the source of the subject matter, they rather ask me or some students who are good in English to translate the text into Malay language. This shows that they are having problem in comprehending English text. I do believe that they can read but what makes them refuse to read is because they cant understand or comprehend the text. 1.2 Problem Statement This problem arises when the students read English text or materials but could not be able to comprehend them. They simply could not get the essence or the main idea of the writing which would be very problematic when it comes to the higher education level. From my own observation which is concern with some UPSI students of different courses such as Sport science, Science, Business Study and Counseling, it was initiated that they are having problem in comprehending English text even though most of the references regarding the courses are most found in English language. As a result of having problem in comprehending English text, they face other difficulties when carrying out assignments or presentations. In order for them to understand and comprehend the text, they need the text to be translated into Malay Language as Malay language is their first language. People with a good language of English will be chosen as their translator. Hence their English skill will never develop. This is a very serious matter because they could not comprehend English text. It means that they are having problem with their reading skills. This study is necessary to find the difficulties faced by the students of various courses studying in a tertiary level at Sultan Idris Education University and it is hoped that this study will help the teachers as well as the students of how to handle these difficulties. 1.3 Purpose of The Study The purpose of this study is to investigate the difficulties faced by the students of various courses studying in a tertiary level at Sultan Idris Education University in comprehending English text. This is because being able to understand English text is necessary since English language is concerned to be the language used in most of the reference books. This study will also help teachers to know what are the difficulties that actually faced by the students and it is hoped that this difficulties can be eased to enhance students reading ability. I will analyze and look what are the problems faced by the students and what strategies that they do in order to overcome that problem. From the data gained, some suggestions will be added in contributing to the diminution of the problem. 1.4 Research Questions There are three questions that need to be answered as a guide throughout the study as well as a means for the data collection. The research questions are as follows: What are the main problems faced by the students in comprehending English text? What strategies they use to understand the English text? How do these difficulties effect on their study? 1.5 Theoretical Framework In this study, I am using two (2) theories that match the topic of difficulties in reading comprehension. The first theory is the schema theory which is based on the assumption that the readers prior knowledge directly impacts new learning situations. In schema theory the concept of Schema has been used to understand the major factor that affecting comprehension process. The concept of schema comprising of knowledge about concept, concepts: objects and the relationships they have with other objects, situations, events, sequences of events, actions, and sequences of actions. The schema theory is relevant to this study as the study investigate the difficulties faced by students in comprehending English reading text. In this context the readers knowledge about the topic is to be considered as the existed prior knowledge of the reader. According to the theory the existed prior knowledge on their first language (L1) will be used in comprehending reading text in their second language (L2) which is English. The second theory that will be used in this study is interactive approach by Grabe (1991). According to Grabe in his interactive approach model, interaction occurred between the reader and the text whereby the reader constructs meaning based partly on the knowledge drawn from the text and partly from the existing background knowledge that the reader has. This theory is suitable for the study as the study was aimed to investigate how students deal with the reading difficulties that they encounter. 1.6 Significance of the Study This study is beneficial to certain group of people because it might help them in some aspect of learning and teaching. This study is relevant as a guide for teachers in school to be prepared for some possibilities they might face in teaching their students. Besides that, this study will also give brief suggestions to the students on how they can deal with such a problem in reading. It is hope that from this study, the students will be much aware about their weaknesses and try to overcome and improve the weaknesses. University students are the most targeted group to view this study as it provides them with suggestions regarding problems in reading English text. The suggestion might help them to become a better reader and excel in their field. 1.7 Limitation of the Study In this study, there are several limitations that might occur. In order to get the data, I will use two methods. Those methods involve quantitative and qualitative design. For the quantitative design, I am going to distribute questionnaires for them to answer. The qualitative design on the other hand involves interviewing some respondent and it will be carried out verbally. I might have problem regarding data collection. Firstly, the data gathered from the questionnaires might not be as perfect as I wanted them to be. This is simply because the subjects are students of other courses that I am not familiar with. There is a tendency that they might simply answer the questionnaire without really focusing on the issue. This is something that usual to happen when questionnaires are being distributed. Besides that, I might have to face the risk that the questionnaires returned to me will not be as the same number as I have distributed them at the first place. Another limitation that I might face is from the interview. The respondent might not be able to communicate in English very well. As for that, a mixture of Malay language and English will be use in the interview. The idea is to get the information regarding the problem.