Why Is the Investment Appraisal Process so Important Essay Example For Students

Why Is the Investment Appraisal Process so Important? Essay A) Why is the investment appraisal process so important? Capital Investment Appraisal is of fundamental importance because: 1. Large Amount of Company Resources: Involvement of large amount of company resources and efforts which will necessitate careful evaluation to be undertaken before a decision is reached. 2. Maximization of Shareholder wealth: Investment decision is linked with strategic and tactical business decisions and therefore need to achieve desired long-term objectives. The most usual objective being the maximization of shareholder wealth. . Difficult to Reserve: It can be very expensive and perplex to reserve an investment decision so caution need to be exercised in reaching the initial investment decision. 4. High Risk Involvement: Projected future benefits and costs are hard to forecast. As a result, the risk and uncertainty of undertaking medium to long-term investment can be high. B) What is the payback period of each project? If AP Ltd imposes a three year maximum payback period which of these projects should be accepted? Payback period for project A:- | | | |YR |NCF |CF | |1 |20 |20 | |2 |30 |50 | |3 |40 |90 |4 |50 |140 | |5 |70 |210 | Payback period of project A = 3 + 20/50 = 3 + 0. 4 = 3. 4 yrs, i. e. , 3yrs 4. 8 months. Payback period for project B:- | | | |YR |NCF |CF | |1 |40 |40 | |2 |40 |80 | |3 |40 |120 | |4 |40 |160 | |5 |40 |200 | Payback period of project B = 2 + 30/40 = 2 + 0. 75 = 2. 75 yrs, i. e. , 2yrs 9 months. When examining two new investment projects of AP Ltd, as in the case of projects A and B, the usual decision is to accept the one with the shortest payback, assuming the payback period satisfies some preconceived target. However, when only one investment opportunity is being examined, the payback of that opportunity will be compared with a target payback. We will write a custom essay on Why Is the Investment Appraisal Process so Important? specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now This concept of a target payback could be employed in the case of projects A and B above. The payback target is 3 years, so project B should be accepted because it pays back after 2 years 9 months where as project A payback only after 3 years and 4. 8 months which is more than the target. The longer the time period for receipt of cash, the greater the risk. C) What are the criticisms of the payback period? Payback is the number of years it takes to recover the initial investment. It is expressed in time or years. It is normally defined as the period, usually expressed in years, which it takes the cash inflows from an investment project to equal the cast outflows. There are three important criticisms of the payback period method. The first is clearly fundamental and relates to the fact that cash flows after the payback period are ignored. So it could be the case that whilst a project produces a large net cash flow (i. e. , where cash inflows significantly exceed outflows), they are generated in the later part of the project and may be ignored as this is after the payback period. For example, in the case of project A and B in this question , project B was preferred because of its shorter payback period, but overall project A generates more cash inflows, totaling ? 2,10,000 as compared to only ? 2,00,000 in the case of project B. However, project A`s cash inflows were mainly earned in the later years. The second criticism of the payback method is that it relates to the method not taking account of the time value of money, similarly to the ARR. However, it does not have value in situations where the useful life of the project is short and difficult to predict. Japanese firms, particularly in consumer electronics, use the payback method when evaluating new products since the product life cycle can be quite short and a new product can be made unexpectedly obsolete by changes in technology. For example, imagine we have to choose between two alternatives that each require an initial investment of ? 4000. Option A returns ? 1000 at the end of fourth year. Option B returns ? 4000 at the end of fourth year. Under the payback method, option A and option B are equally preferable. However, that option A is really better since the cash flows come earlier. Now if we add the information to 5 years, then, option A will produce an additional cash inflow of ? 5, 00,000. But option B will never generate another pound after the fourth year. So the payback method ignores the time value of money and does not measure profitability. It just measures the time required to recapture the original investment. The third criticism of the payback method is that the selection of the maximum acceptable payback period is arbitrary. D) Determine the NPV for each of these projects? Should they be accepted – explain why? Year |Project A |Project B | |0 |(110) |(110) | |1 |20 |40 | |2 |30 |40 | |3 |40 |40 | |4 |50 |40 | |5 |70 |40 | Project A |Year |Cash flow(? 000) |Discount Factor |PV | | | |@12% | | |1 |20 |0. 892 |17. 4 | |2 |30 |0. 797 |23. 91 | |3 |40 |0. 711 |28. 44 | |4 |50 |0. 635 |31. 75 | |5 | 70 |0. 567 |39. 69 | | | | |141. 63 | | | | |(110. 0) | | | | |31. 63 | [emailprotected]% = 31. 63 Project B |year |Cash Flow(? 000) |Discount factor @12% |PV | |1 |40 |0. 892 |35. 68 | |2 |40 |0. 797 |31. 88 | |3 |40 |0. 711 |28. 4 | |4 |40 |0. 635 |25. 40 | |5 |40 |0. 567 |22. 68 | | | | |144. 14 | | | | |(110. 00) | | | | |34. 14 | [emailprotected]% =34. 14 .u8ef473007c4c68585c547f78bad07da5 , .u8ef473007c4c68585c547f78bad07da5 .postImageUrl , .u8ef473007c4c68585c547f78bad07da5 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u8ef473007c4c68585c547f78bad07da5 , .u8ef473007c4c68585c547f78bad07da5:hover , .u8ef473007c4c68585c547f78bad07da5:visited , .u8ef473007c4c68585c547f78bad07da5:active { border:0!important; } .u8ef473007c4c68585c547f78bad07da5 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u8ef473007c4c68585c547f78bad07da5 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u8ef473007c4c68585c547f78bad07da5:active , .u8ef473007c4c68585c547f78bad07da5:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u8ef473007c4c68585c547f78bad07da5 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u8ef473007c4c68585c547f78bad07da5 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u8ef473007c4c68585c547f78bad07da5 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u8ef473007c4c68585c547f78bad07da5 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u8ef473007c4c68585c547f78bad07da5:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u8ef473007c4c68585c547f78bad07da5 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u8ef473007c4c68585c547f78bad07da5 .u8ef473007c4c68585c547f78bad07da5-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u8ef473007c4c68585c547f78bad07da5:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Martin Luther King Jr EssayHere project B should be accepted. Because, NPV of project B is higher than the NPV of project A. NPV is present value of future cash flow. If any NPV value is high, it means, NPV increases the wealth of ordinary share holders and selection of projects on an NPV basis is consistent with this object. NPV is considered to be highly acceptable method of capital appraisal. It takes into account the timing of the net cash flows, the project’s profitability and the return of the original investment. Project B is fulfilling above those things. Hence, project B is suitable for our capital investment appraisal. E) Describe the logic behind the NPV approach. NPV, Net Present Value, allows us to value a company’s assets at their correct current value, normally end of the year and when the accounts are prepared. The calculation of NPV takes into account the assets original cost, less all accumulated depreciation allowed against that asset in previous tax computations. To make long term investment like purchasing land, buildings, machinery a firm have to earn an income greater than the fund committed. In order to handle these decisions, firms have to make an assessment of the size of the out flow and the inflows of the funds. One of the most important steps in the capital budgeting cycle is working out if the benefits of investing large capital sums outweigh the cost of these investments. Business organization can used two ways. ) traditional methods and 2) discounted cash flow techniques. The Net Present Value is the Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) which relies on the concept of opportunity cost to place a value on cash inflows arising f rom capital investment. (F) What would happen to the NPV if: (1) The cost of capital increased? (2) The cost of capital decreased? (1)IF COST OF CAPITAL IS INCREASED: Cost of capital has indirect effect on NPV, i. e. if the cost of capital is increased NPV will decreased, now to explain it in a better way, consider the example in the above part of the report, if we increase the cost of capital from 12% to 15% the NPV goes down instantly from 31. 75 to 19. 76. Although, even at this NPV project still seems to be feasible, but as it is clear that by increasing the cost of capital NPV decreases. This might result the company to end up with low cash flow as well. (2)IF COST OF CAPITAL IS DECREASED: Now if we decrease the cost of capital, it will have a positive effect on NPV, i. e. if the cost of capital is decreased the NPV will increased, consider the same example, if the cost of capital is lowered from 12% to 10% NPV will come down from 31. 75 to 40. 63, thus increasing the cash flows of the company and making the project much more feasible and interesting for the investors, it is very important to mention that it the company’s management who decide what will be the cost of capital. The cost of capital is settle by the management and several issues are consider while making this decision like cash flows, project life payback time etc. G) Determine the IRR for each project. Should they be accepted? PROJECT A YearsNCFDiscount Factor 20%PV 1200,833316. 666 2300,694420. 832 3400,578723. 148 4500,482324. 115 5700,401928. 133 TPV = 112. 894 NPV at 20% = 112. 894 – 110. 000 = ? 2. 894 NPV at 20% = ? 2. 894 YearsNCFDiscount Factor 23%PV 1200,813016. 260 2300,660919. 827 3400,537321. 492 4500,436821. 840 5700,355224. 864 TPV = 104. 283 NPV at 23% = 104. 283 – 110. 000 = ? (5. 717) NPV at 23% = ? (5. 717) IRR = 20% + 2. 894 x (23% 20%) = 2. 894 + 5. 717 IRR = 20% + 0. 01008245 IRR = 20. 10082% ? 20% IRR PROJECT A = 20% PROJECT B YearsNCFDiscount Factor 23%PV 1200,813032. 520 2300,660926. 436 3400,537321. 492 4500,436817. 472 5700,355214. 208 TPV = 112. 128 NPV at 23% = 112. 128 – 110. 000 = ? 2. 128 NPV at 23% = ? 2. 128 YearsNCFDiscount Factor 25%PV 1200,800032. 000 2300,640025. 600 3400,512020. 480 4500,409616. 384 5700,327713. 108 TPV = 107. 572 NPV at 25% = 107. 572 – 110. 000 = ? (2. 428) NPV at 25% = ? (2. 428) IRR = 23% + 2. 128 x (23% 25%) = 2. 218 + 2. 428 IRR = 23% + 0. 00934 IRR = 23. 00934% ? 23% IRR PROJECT B = 23% IRR A = 20% IRR B = 23% IRR ROF Both projects are accepted. .ubf291bef7b68c75f118f50f8110ae91f , .ubf291bef7b68c75f118f50f8110ae91f .postImageUrl , .ubf291bef7b68c75f118f50f8110ae91f .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ubf291bef7b68c75f118f50f8110ae91f , .ubf291bef7b68c75f118f50f8110ae91f:hover , .ubf291bef7b68c75f118f50f8110ae91f:visited , .ubf291bef7b68c75f118f50f8110ae91f:active { border:0!important; } .ubf291bef7b68c75f118f50f8110ae91f .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ubf291bef7b68c75f118f50f8110ae91f { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ubf291bef7b68c75f118f50f8110ae91f:active , .ubf291bef7b68c75f118f50f8110ae91f:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ubf291bef7b68c75f118f50f8110ae91f .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ubf291bef7b68c75f118f50f8110ae91f .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ubf291bef7b68c75f118f50f8110ae91f .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ubf291bef7b68c75f118f50f8110ae91f .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ubf291bef7b68c75f118f50f8110ae91f:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ubf291bef7b68c75f118f50f8110ae91f .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ubf291bef7b68c75f118f50f8110ae91f .ubf291bef7b68c75f118f50f8110ae91f-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ubf291bef7b68c75f118f50f8110ae91f:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Genocide EssayH) How does a change in the cost of capital affect the project’s IRR? The cost of capital is defined as a return which expressed as a percentage that an investor needs to receive on an investment. For example if an investor is looking for a return of 8% on an investment, and if any company giving 8% return on investment then he will invest on that company. But if the company’s initial cost of capital is 6% then the parson will not investment on the company. If the cost of capital is less than the IRR then the project is a good investment. If the cost of capital is larger than the IRR then the project is a bad investment. So a change in the cost of capital changes what a parson’s cut-off is but the actual IRR. I) Why is the NPV method often regarded to be superior to the IRR Method? Superiority of NPV over IRR: The NPV method is new concept as compare to traditional methods i. e. Payback and Accounting Rate of Return (ARR). NPV method discounts the future cash flows linked with the investment project using the cost of capital as the appropriate discount rate. If NPV of required project is positive then we should accept the project and if it is negative then we should not accept the project. However if NPV of any project is zero then we can accept or reject the project it depends on management decision. Normally, to be competitive in market, managers like to accept the project if NPV is zero. Advantages of NPV are: Time Value of Money: It takes account of time of value of money, by discounting the cash flows arising in the future †¢ Cash Flows: takes account of all relevant cash flows †¢ Indicates Clear Decision: provides a clear decision rule concerning acceptance/rejection of a project †¢ Primary Objective: It is consistent with the aim of maximizing shareholder wealth, which is assumed to be the primary objective of any business. As far as Internal Rate of Return is concerned, it is based on the principles of discounting cash flows and will normally give the same accept/reject decisions and will rank investment projects in the same way as the NPV method. Contrary, it has difficulty in handling unconventional cash flows and does not address the issue of wealth maximization. It may give conflicting recommendations to NPV. IRR cannot consider changes in interest rates over the life of a project. It assumes that funds are reinvested at a rate equivalent to the IRR itself, which can be produce unrealistically high. Due to above reasons we can conclude that NPV is superior to IRR. Reference Dyson, J. R (2004). (6th edition) â€Å"Accounting For Non-Accounting Students† Weetman, P, 2006, Management Accounting, Essex, Prentice Hall Lumby, S Jones, C, 2003, Corporate Finance Theory and Practice, London, Thomson Aidan Berry and Robin Jarvis â€Å"Accounting in a Business Context†3rd Edition Printed by: Zrinski dd. , Croatia

300 argumentative essay topic ideas that are current and engaging

300 argumentative essay topic ideas that are current and engaging When you write an argumentative essay, you are required to use evidence along with your power of persuasion to convince readers that your position on an issue is correct. You must state your position, the reasons you hold that position, and then support your position with evidence. You should also deal with potential counter arguments. Before you do any of these things, you have an important step to take. You have to choose an interesting topic. It should be relevant to the class youre taking, and hopefully meaningful to you as well. If youre stuck on ideas, keep reading. Weve got 45 topic ideas that current, engaging, and easy to research. To keep things really interesting, well go into some detail on a few of the more interesting topics. Current And Controversial Topics These are topics that can often be found in headline news articles. They are often controversial and people have strong opinions about them. Childhood Obesity is a Community Health Problem Not a Parenting Issue People Who Carry Concealed Are Helping to Keep Others Safe Gun Violence Victims Should be Able to Sue Gun Manufacturers Background Checks Violate The Second Amendment Community Policing is Very Effective Student Loan Forgiveness Programs Must be Saved Tuition Rates Must be Rolled Back Evangelism is Destroying America A 15 Dollar Minimum Wage Will Save The Economy Privately Owned Prisons Should be Abolished Capital Punishment is Barbaric And Should be Banned A few nations still have the death penalty. Are they correct? Is this a true deterrent or a just punishment for certain crimes? What about cases in which it was revealed that people were wrongly convicted of capital crimes were actually innocent? Then theres the issue of the death penalty being applied to minorities or people with diminished mental capacity. Theres a lot to be said for the other side of the issue as well. Do you think that the victims families deserve this kind of justice? Also, it can be argued that even if capital punishment isnt a deterrent, it is still a just consequence. Gender Roles Are an Outdated Social Construct From a ban on transgender individuals serving in the military to controversy over Targets decision to implement unisex bathrooms, the topic of gender roles has been in the news quite frequently over the last few years. So, is the idea of gender outdated? Educate your readers on the difference between sex and gender. Then, take a strong stance on the issue. Racism is The Primary Cause of Police Brutality A Wall isnt The Key to Immigration Reform Recently, an immigrant caravan traveling from Central America towards the United States led to some very intense differences of opinion among Americans. Many politicians use the topic of illegal immigration as political fodder. Of course, the biggest matter of contention is the proposed wall between the United States and Mexico. Take a stand against the wall as suggested here, or turn the topic around to make an argument in favor of it. Pharmacists Who Are Against Abortion Must Still Fill Morning After Prescriptions Damage Suffered Due to Water or Air Pollution is a Tort A group of students is suing the United States federal government over the damages caused by air pollution. Some citizens of Flint Michigan are seeking legal remedies due to the permanent damage suffered by children who were exposed to lead in the water system. Is this right? Should causing air pollution be a tort liability? The Cause of Animal Rights Has Gone Awry Nearly every moral and rational person is against animal cruelty, but where do we draw the line. For some people, any animal testing is wrong. For others, if its done to advance medical research thats fine, but it should never be used for testing commercial products. Then there are those who believe that the animal kingdom is the domain of mankind, and that the ends justify the means. What do you think? Comprehensive National Gun Control Laws Are Our Only Hope Affirmative Action Can Level The Economic Playing Field Global Warming Should be a Presidential Litmus Its Time to Elect a Woman of Color as President Term Limits Simply Dont Work Safe Spaces Stymie Free Speech The Arts And Crafts Movement Did More Harm Than Good Cable News is harmful Civil Forfeiture Laws Are Unjust NCAA Athletes Should Receive a Salary Olympic Athletes Should Not be Banned Because of The Behavior of Their Government Human Trafficking Training And Awareness is a Must For Law Enforcement Lowering The Drinking Age Will Have Tragic Consequences Yes! There Should be Limits on The Freedom of Speech The American Dream is a Harmful Notion The Gig Economy Isnt Stable All People Deserve Free Healthcare Benefits Should Not Depend on Employment School Uniforms Are Not a Stop Gap For Bullying And Classism Arts in School Deserve as Much Funding as Athletics Magnet Schools Are The Wave of The Future Charter Schools Are Dangerous And Need More Regulation Social Networking Should be Banned For Anyone Under 18 Violent Video Games Are Not a Factor in School Shootings People have blamed violent video games for school shootings, teenage suicide, and an increased likelihood of domestic violence. Do you think this is accurate, or is this simply a way to deflect from the real issues at hand? Abstinence Education Leads to Teenage Pregnancy Stem Cell Research Funding Must be Increased There Are Economic Consequences to Banning Same Sex Marriage A county clerk in Kentucky lost her job because she refused to issue marriage licenses to same sex couples. A baker was sued because he refused to bake a cake when he realized it was for a gay marriage. 13 states still ban same sex marriage, and many of these places have been boycotted by members of the LGBTQ community and their allies. Clearly there are economic consequences to taking this stand. Is that appropriate? Early Exposure to Technology Does More Harm Than Good Local And Classroom Relevance There are some topics that may be very relevant to you because of your location or the school you attend. These subjects tend to be very interesting to the people around you. Think about the hot topics in your town, or at your college or university. Revitalizing Main Street is Key to Our Towns Economic Future Local Teenagers Dont Deserve to be Banned From The Mall Our Athletic Department Must Address Allegations of Favoritism Now The athletic departments at many colleges and universities have come under fire in recent years. Some people believe they exploit student athletes. There are others who believe that student athletes enjoy a protected status, often getting away with abuse and sexual assault. Finally, many people believe that athletic funding often comes at the expense of academics and the arts. Theres a lot to unpack here. We Need a Second Local Newspaper For Balance Our Local Government Needs to Adopt a Better Infrastructure Plan Infrastructure refers to roads, bridges, water systems, public transportation, telecommunications, electricity, and other services that make living and working someplace attractive. Having good infrastructure means keeping all of these systems up and in good repair. Then theres the matter of the future. Is your town ready to continue supporting its citizens and businesses with the services they need? Do they need to implement a plan for the future? Community Service Should be Mandatory For High School Graduation Our School Mascot is Insensitive And Must be Renamed General Ethics And Morality Topics that address ethics and morality are universal. Consider weighing in on the following topics: Monogamy Isnt Necessary For a Healthy Marriage Lying Isnt Always Immoral Is telling a lie always wrong? What if it serves a just cause? What if a lie prevents someone from being hurt? Make an argument that dishonesty isnt always immoral, or take the opposite stance. Support the notion that honesty is always preferable regardless of the consequences. Life Imprisonment For Juvenile Offenders is a Just Punishment Do Atheists Have Lower Moral Standards Than Believers? Communitys Have The Right to Set Moral Standards of Behavior Should a city be able to ban the sale of alcohol, even if the state has no laws against it? What about gambling? Should a county be able to refuse to issue permits to businesses that will allow their patrons to gamble? Are there any instances where a community should be allowed to pass laws that enforce a stricter set of statutes than that applied by the state or federal government. Corporations Are Only Obligated to Make a Profit Is The Friend Zone a Damaging Social Construct? Are guys who refer to being in the friend zone creepy misogynists? Can someone be sincerely friendly with a member of the opposite sex, but also disappointed they arent in a romantic relationship with them? Should Universities Have Safe Spaces or Free Speech Zones? Businesses Dont Have The Right to Deny Services to Same Sex Couples Boycotts Are an Effective Form of Protest Celebrities Should Not Share Their Political Opinions Schools Should Not Teach Abstinence Traditional Marriage Must be Preserved People of All Political Beliefs Should be Able to Speak on Campus Fun And Entertaining Topics Not every essay topic needs to deep and intense. In some cases, its perfectly fine to pick a topic that is simply fun or entertaining. Here are some great ideas: The Harry Potter Franchise Has Gone on For Too Long The First Three Star Wars Movies Are Still The Best Disneys License Agreement With Marvel Comics is a Terrible Idea Graffiti Isnt Art Resort Vacations Are Overrated Sports Cars Arent Worth The Extra Cost Experiences Are Better Than Presents Deadpool is The Most Cleverly Written Superhero Character in Recent Years The Microbrewery Scene is Stuck up And Full of Pretentious Hipsters Millennial Bashing Has no Basis in Accuracy Local Theater Deserves Community Support Extroverts Are People Too! Ska is an Underrated Musical Genre Remakes Are Killing The Film Industry It may seem as if nearly every movie is a remake of an older film, or its an adaptation of an older tv show. Speaking of TV shows, even those are being recycled. What are the impacts of this? Is it possible to be creative and produce good writing on projects like these, or do remakes simply need to go away. eSports Players Are Athletes Streaming Will be The End of Major Record Labels Torrenting is Intellectual Theft Learning to Draw on Paper is The Best Method Fanfiction is a Legitimate Art Form Tumblr is an Underrated Social Media Platform Undertale is The Best Video Game Online The Zelda Franchise is Better Than The Mario Franchise Runescape is an Underrated RPG Kevin Smith is an Overrated Director Andrew WK And Steev Mike Are The Same Person Most Rap Rivalries Are Made up by The Studios Everyone Has Artistic Talent Printed Books Are Better Than Digital Photographers Charge Too Much Money Molecular Gastronomy is Not Real Cuisine A 20% Tip is Too Much Nike Makes Better Shoes Than Converse Shoppings Malls Arent as Dead as People Think Food Trucks Are Overrated Smoking Should be Banned From All Public Places Fast Food Causes Obesity Cell Phones Dont Belong in The Classroom Social Media is an Important Skill What is Your Position on Pirating Chinese Should be Offered as a Foreign Language Bilingualism Helps Children English Should be The Official Language of The USA GMO Foods Should be Banned Pain Rating Scales Are Bogus There Are More Negatives to Using The Internet Than Positive The Drinking Age Should be 18 Globalization is Evil Driving With a Cell Phone Isnt That Bad There Are Benefits to Cloning People Should Never Give DNA to Genealogy Websites Students Use Facebook Because They Miss Human Connections Alternative Energy is Overrated There Are Great Reasons to be For The Death Penalty Vegetarianism is Unnatural Smoking Tobacco is Harmful to The Planet Men Are More Criminally Inclined China is The Key to Ending Pollution An Ebola Epidemic is Inevitable Pulling Out of Syria Was a Mistake Brexit Will Never Happen We Need an Internet Bill of Privacy Rights Every Person Should Care About The Environment Local Environmental Activism is Most Important Manufacturers Must be Held Accountable For Environmental Damage We Must Decrease The Population Every Human Deserves Clean Water We Must Stop Poaching We Should Make Education More Fun Hunting is Good For The Environment Recycling Should be Mandatory Healthcare Should Focus on Long Term Wellness Global Warming Will Lead to Serious Health Epidemics Sexism Drives Fashion Boredom Causes Delinquency Single Gender Schools Should be Banned The Government Cannot Provide Effective Healthcare 16 is The Best Age to STart Dating Homework Causes Family Strife The Death Penalty is Outdated Gay Couples Should be Allowed to Adopt Children The War in Vietnam Was Unjustified 21 is The Suitable Age For Voting Military Service Should be Mandatory Destruction of Rainforests Should be Banned Wealth Coincides With Happiness Corporal Punishment is Cruel And Unusual Punishment Pornography Should be Banned Most National History Stories Are Fabricated 30 is The Most Suitable Age For Marriage Teen Marriage Should be Banned Long Distance Relationships Never Work Mobile Phones Are Bad Alcohol Advertising Should be Banned Alternative Medicines Are a Scam Education is Key to Helping Developing Nations Cloning is Highly Immoral Pacifism is Not Realistic Sex Education in Schools Must be Increased There is Too Much Sex And Violence on TV Animals Shouldnt be in Zoos Deforestation Should be Illegal Bombing Hiroshima Was a Mistake LBJ Radicalized The REpublican Party Google Should Not Have Your Medical Records The War in Afghanistan is Unjustified Wild Fish is Better Than Farmed The Only Acceptable Fish is Line And Pole Caught Steve Jobs Changed The World Corporate Veil is Damaging Arranged Marriages Are a Blessing Social Media Can Bring Distant Relatives Closer Together Divorce Makes Resilient Children Friendships Fail Due to Neglect Abstinence Prevents Teen Pregnancy Competition Makes Better Healthcare We Need Free Markets Not More Regulations Mitch Mcconnell Must be Remove The Democrats Should Give in About The Wall All High School Students Should Take Parenting Classes Workplace Dress Codes Are Outdated People Should Not be Discriminated Against Over Tattoos And Piercings Public Transportation Should be Free For City Residents We Are Too Technology Dependent Smoking Increases Socialization Playing Football Causes CTE Energy Drinks Should be Banned Lecture Attendance Should be Optional For College Students Sports Teams Should be Gender Neutral Teenagers Shouldnt Need Parental Permission to Get Birth Control Extra Credit Should be Banned Students Should Receive Religious Education Students And Teachers Should Not Connect on Social Media Advertising to Children Should be Banned 14 Year Olds Should be Allowed to Work All College Freshman Should Live on Campus Children Should Choose Their Own Gender Sesame Street is Too Political Everyone Should Grow Their Own vegetables People Dont Drink Enough Water Exercise Doesnt Cause Weight Loss Pets Are Beneficial to The Airlines Animals Should Not be Allowed on Airplanes Child Support Absconders Should Not be Jailed Anorexia Can be Blamed on Fat Shaming Video Game Rating Systems Are Censorship Executing Saddam Hussein Was Necessary College Graduates Should Take a Gap Year Teachers Should Stay Out of Students Lives The Next War Will Involve Nuclear Weapons Everyone Has a Right to be Forgotten Facebook Doesnt Owe Anyone Privacy Adoption Can be Harmful People Should be Imprisoned For Driving Drunk Movie Rewards Shows Are Overindulgent YouTube Stars Dont Contribute Anything Meaningful Wearing Fur is Sinful Polygamy Should be Legal Russia Should Bury Lenin Nude Beaches Should be Banished Public Displays of Affection Are Inappropriate Puerto Rico Should be a State People Should be Fined For Playing Loud Music Homeowners Should Not Own Gas Powered Lawn Equipment Tipping Should be at Least 25% Uber Drivers Should Make Minimum Wage Urban Foraging Should be Legalized Restaurants Should be Fined For Wasting Food National Park Should be Closed Until The Government Shutdown Ends Teachers Should Not be Allowed to Strike Its Better For Students to Attend The Same School For The First 12 Years Homeschooling Leaves Children Poorly Socialized There Should be Drug Testing in Middle Schools Standardized Testing is Overemphasized Standard Testing is a Poor Measurement of Ability Schools Should Give Cash Awards For Attendance High School Should be a Two Year Program Students Dont Have Enough Creative Opportunities Students Arent Learning The Right Things in School Dropping Out Should Never Be Allowed Early Graduation is Beneficial The School Year Should be Longer Schools Should Group Students According to Ability New Math Helps Students Paper Should be Banned on Campus Campuses Should go Green Baseball is Boring Women Are Better Collaborators People Should Boycott Football Most Pranks Are Bullying Children Should not Play Contact Sports Boys Have More Meaningful Friendships Than Girls Parents Take Youth Sports Too Seriously Sports Teams Should Not Use Native American Names or Mascots Cheerleading is Not a Sport Coaches Should be Less Strict With Athletes Wellness Programs Should Replace Sports If my State Had a Budget Surplus I Would Spend it on Solar Energy Military Force is Never Justified Homeschoolers Should be Allowed to Play School Athletics My Mayor Should Solve The Problem of Homelessness The Government Should be Allowed to Wiretap Without Warrants Action Must be Taken to Prevent Erosion All Sports Betting Should be Banned Stop And Frisk Should be Illegal Burning The Flag is Free Speech Protest Rallies Are a Waste of Time #MeToo Will Protect Men And Women Alike Sports Are Too Commercialized Facebook is Dying Cord Cutters Have The Right Idea Rich People Often Get Away With Breaking The Law The Rich Should Pay More Taxes There Should be Laws Against Offensiveness We Must Prevent Mass Shootings You Become an Adult When You Are Financially Independent People Can Learn a Lot From Millennials Dating is Outdated There is Too Much Pressure on Gifted Students First Year College Students Should Live in The Dorms Going to a Two Year School is a Great Way to Save Money Participation Trophies Have Ruined Children Children Should Choose Their Own Religion We Need Term Limits Parents Alone Should Teach Children Morality Grades Dont Really Matter Filibustering Should be Banned All Cars Should Use Alternative Fuels Congress Should Fund Green Energy Earned Income Tax is a Form of Welfare Stores Should be Closed on Sundays There Should be a Vote on The Shutdown It is Wrong For Bars to Ban Women There Should be a Public Dress Code Taxpayers Should Not Fund Art Final Thoughts Hopefully one of these topics will be perfect for your next argumentative essay. If not, they can surely serve as inspiration for an original idea. Just remember that every good argumentative essay starts with a great topic, is well-written, and contains great supporting evidence.

The Articles of Confederation Versus the Constitution Assignment - 9

The Articles of Confederation Versus the Constitution - Assignment Example In order to understand the differences between these two historical and pivotal documents is to discuss them more deeply and individually. The Articles of Confederation were enacted in March of 1781 and were maintained until 1789, nearly 8 years to the day (Kelly). The Articles were chosen as ideal for a fledgling and inexperienced government to have a better chance of winning the Revolutionary War and defeating the British forces. However, many of the colony’s settlers had a negative experience with governments who had too much power and control and no real experience in the forming of government (Morgan 1). They specifically wanted a government with limited power. Many commented that the Articles of Confederation were essentially a â€Å"friendship agreement† between the 13 original colonies in the war against a shared enemy (Painter 3-4). The Constitution replaced the Articles in 1789. The Constitution was considered to be a â€Å"progressive† document; one th at represented a long term government that was different than those the settlers left behind. This is one of the first things that separate the Articles and the Constitution. The Articles intended to facilitate a favorable end to the war and the latter was intended to develop a long term, stable government structure (Winkler 1). However, the differences go much deeper.  There are several specific differences between the two documents. First, in the Articles, the individual states are sovereign and not accountable to the federal government, whereas the Constitution shares the powers between states and the federal government.

Teams and Groups Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Teams and Groups - Case Study Example The market for timber is price-competitive and products are differentiated by their presentation and appearance. Thus customers have started to shift to the other competitors who produce similar products but of a greater quality for the same price. The activity within the packaging team of adopting time-loss pattern has become a norm to this particular work team. Thus, all temporary workers when given a chance to become part of the packaging team adopts this norm. Management can change the supervisors and instead of allowing the sawmill supervisor to overseer the packaging department choose a supervisor from packaging instead. This will assist in the empowerment of the workers when workers feel empowered they produce better. In addition, a supervisor from the packaging department would understand the culture and be able to make changes to the norm easier than an outsider. The overtime costs which would be cut can be used to provide additional incentives to this department. In order to arrest the decline in the mill’s ratings management can perhaps use the overtime money which will be reduced to use more than one supervisor in this department. One for the general overseeing of production and one for the testing of the quality of the finished products. The market for timber is price-competitive and products are differentiated by their presentation and appearance therefore Treetop must begin to differentiate based on sound quality and good appearance again. Treetop’s management can divide the packaging department into teams and allow there to be competition amongst the teams for improvement in productivity. Competition would create a focus for the team and motivate them to produce at their best. Consequently, the overall costs should begin to decline when workers begin to produce optimally due to

Discuss your reading habits. What type of writings do you tend to read Essay

Discuss your reading habits. What type of writings do you tend to read most (novels, magazines, web sites, newspapers) and why - Essay Example I consider it quite unfortunate on their part and do not give any undue blame on the fiction itself as well as the fiction writers. In our non-fiction world, the role of fiction has attained significance due to the element of faked-ness which is present within it. Fiction is glorifying the lives of the people and hence making them look different from each other and yet superior in the same light. Non-fiction writing texts merely state something which has happened and thus look to adjust the happenings from an ethically correct standpoint whilst taking care of the norms present within the society. (Ziolkowski, 1997) Thus the criticism that comes from the society’s perspective is something which is deep inherent within the values that the non-fiction works advocate and thus it provides for strong reasoning that the non-fiction writing works are generally more open to debate and criticism than the fiction texts. I opine that the reader goes in a deep cave, away from the practicalities of life and finds an escape route within fiction. What this offers is the other side of the truth. Thus for me fiction essays provide mystery, romance and so much more to the idle mind, which is also idealistic in nature. Fiction has seemed to play a pivotal role within my realms as it presents the ‘other’ side of the world in a way. It makes people look ideal from an irrational setting. They become super-humans as a matter of fact. Thus fiction portrays the desires and cravings of the people in more ways than one and there is absolutely no denying the very fact. In the end, the role of fiction cannot be denied its due place since vocabulary is increased, dramatization is made stronger and generally people believe that it is a very powerful medium of conveying a story with a moral ending. I would like to end this discussion by suggesting that reading fiction is like painting on

Small and Medium Enterprises in Indias Economic Growth

Small and Medium Enterprises in Indias Economic Growth Small and Medium Enterprises in Economic Growth of India: Directions towards Sustainable Development Manvendra Pratap Singh, Arpita Chakraborty,  Dr. Mousumi Roy Abstract The inclusive growth is prerequisite in any of fast growing developing economies. Micro small and Medium Enterprise (MSME) play vital role in the socio-economic development of the country. In 2011-12, 36.18 mn enterprises were operational and employed around 80.5 mn people of country, second largest after agriculture sector (MSME Annual Report 2011-12). They accounts for 40 percent of India’s total exports, contributing 45 percent to Indian manufacturing output. With all the good things the darker side of MSME, it attracts only 2.33 employees per unit (on an average), they contributes mere 17 percent to the Indian GDP. This paper will highlight the reasons behind the shining India and Bharat. This paper will also focus on the facilities, scheme provided by the central or state government of country, its implementation and possible solutions for empowerment and spreading its boundaries beyond the country through international cooperation scheme. Keywords: MSME, International Cooperation, regional Economics Introduction Indias economic growth is expected to pick up a faster pace in 2013-14 and record six per cent plus levels of gross domestic product (GDP), according to Mr C Rangarajan, Chairman, Prime Ministers Economic Advisory Council (PMEAC). Country reported to expand at a better growth rate as compared to its three BRIC peers China, Russia and Brazil in May 2013, as per HSBC survey. India witnessed an improvement in its business climate on the back of increased foreign direct investment (FDI) and greater revenue receipts by the Government. The ‘BluFin Business Cycle Indicator (BCI)’, reflects macroeconomic developments on a monthly basis, stood at 165.3 points in July 2013, 5.3 percent higher compared to July 2012 which implies that business performance is comparatively better than previous year. In economic development scenario, India is leading from all fronts i.e. 2013 FDI confidence Index stands 5th, 2013 Deliotte Manufacturing Competitive Index stands 4th, 2013 KPMG Change Readiness Index stands 65th. 2013 Global Innovation Index stands 66th. While on societal development front, India’s condition is not upright. As per the United Nations Development Programs (UNDP) Human development Index 2013 India stands 136th. In inequality Index, India stands 91st, in gender inequality 132nd, value of multidimensional poverty index is 0.283 on basis of year 2005/2006. A major cause of poverty among India’s rural, urban poor both individuals and communities, is lack of access to regular job opportunity, productive assets and financial resources. High level of inadequate health care, illiteracy and extremely limited access to social services are common among poor people. Seven states – Chhattisgarh, Bihar, Odisha, Rajasthan, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Prad esh – account for 61 per cent of Indias total poor. Chhattisgarh is the poorest state in the country with approximately 40 per cent of its population being below the poverty line (www.downtoearth.org ). According to NSSO 66th Survey 2010, around 52.9 percent of population engaged in primary sector (agriculture and allied sector) contributing 19 percent to gross value added (GVA) of country, 22.7 percent of working population engaged in secondary sector which contributes 28 percent in GVA and 24.4 percent of population engaged in tertiary sector (Services) contributes 53 percent in our GDP. Considering NSSO 66th Survey, around 75 percent working population engaged in primary and secondary sector of the economy, and resides countryside or in outskirts of cities. While considering the basic amenities in such areas are vulnerable i.e. health care centres, schools, sanitation facilities etc. These differences demarcate a thin line between Shining India (Cities) and Bharat (Village s, towns and outskirts of cities) in terms of societal development and economic parity. Literature review In dynamic economic world, business innovation and competitiveness helps Small and medium enterprises to grow leap and bound. According to the Global Manufacturing Competitiveness Index, 2013, Developing nations are emerging as potential manufacturing destinations like china ranked 1st as best manufacturing destinations while other developing nations are India, Brazil, Vietnam Indonesia etc. GMCI, 2013 report envisaged that in next five years the above mentioned nations will be key manufacturing hubs along with three leading manufacturing powers i.e. USA, Germany and Japan- remained ranked in top 10 most competitive nations today. Across the world, more than 95 percent of the enterprises are SMEs and employs 60 percent of total private employment (Ayyagari et al. 2011). SMEs by number dominate the world stage, Japan has highest number of SMEs registered among the industrialized nation accounts for 99 percent of total enterprises (Edinburgh Group Report, 2011). India had 26.1 million SMEs (MSME, 4th census) and employed around 59.7 million people of the country, second largest employer after agriculture sector. In European Union, jointly 27 countries accounts for 99.8 percent of total enterprises, employs 67 percent of all workers and contributes 58 percent of gross value added. (Edinburgh Group Report, 2011). The SMEs are lacking in knowledge and information base which reflected in poor work practices mainly the managerial and technical abilities among owners and managers. They mainly fall sort of environmental awareness and its impact and focused toward short term gains over long term objectives because of limited resources and lower capital-output ratio compared to a competitive large unit. Mainly SMEs are reluctant to the programs and policies i.e. waste management circle initiated by National Productivity council because of lack of their nature (Dasgupta, 1999). For example, Henriques and Sadorsky (1996) explored the effect of self-reported community pressure on Canadian firms’ decisions to adopt an environmental plan. The effect of self-reported community pressure (presence versus absence) on Mexican firms’ decisions to adopt certain environmental management practices. Analysis: Urban and Rural working Population across the sectors: In India, services sector mainly includes hotels restaurants, Banking Finance Securities Insurance (BFSI), Information Technology (IT) Information Technology Enabled services (ITES), Education, Health etc. According to NSSO 66th Survey, contribution of services sector is 53 percent as gross value added to the economy and employed only 24.4 percent of working population. Figure 1 shows the distribution of population employment per 1000 distribution in all three sectors of economy. Primarily comparing Round 66 and Round 68, finds out that rural primary sector population is shifting toward secondary and tertiary sector mainly men are relocating toward secondary and women are relocating toward tertiary sector. Considering the fact, urban population i.e. men and women are relocating toward secondary sector with marginal increment. With such development in secondary sector, more than 60 percent of Special Economic Zones (SEZs) approvals have been extended to IT/ITES sector, the manufacturing sector left with one third of total approvals (Deepak Shah, 2009). It may affect growth and competitiveness of manufacturing sector which shows huge potential in terms of engaging new skilled pool of population into itself. According to NSSO 66 Round Survey (Figure 2), while comparing secondary sector of economy, particularly, manufacturing (D) Construction (F) for rural and urban India, employment opportunities are relatively more in urban areas compare to rural areas because of basic facility location factors. With respect to social security, from entire workforce mere 8 percent workers entitled for statutory social protection (i.e. risks as sickness, maternity, disability and old age) through central and state level rules on conventional social security (NCEUS, 2006). Around 86 percent of total workers who employed in unorganized sector lag behind for basic social security benefits. As per (Figure 3) MSME Annual Report 2012-2013, rural registered MSME units are lesser than urban units while unregistered Micro and Small (MS) rural units are far more than urban units. Another important aspect of Indian MSME sector is that micro and small enterprises are more than medium enterprises and employed more number of population compared to medium enterprises where labor efficiency, economics of scale and environmental friendliness would not be considered as a parameter of growth. The overall labor efficiency is gloomily low which signifies poor quality of employment mainly because of informal employment called casualization. In manufacturing sector, 88 percent of employment lies under such category (Kannan (2011). According to planning commission estimates,  casual workforce earnings were only one-fourth of the wages of regular (full time) workers (Rs. 51 as against Rs. 200) in 2004-05. Prevalence of poverty among casual workforce, self-employed and regular was as high as 32 per cent, 17.5 per cent and 11 per cent respectively with an average of 20.51 per cent for all employed workers. (Planning Commission, 2008, Chapter 4, Annexure 4.7). MSMEs financing and credit trends: While considering the outstanding bank credits to micro and small enterprises (Figure 4) are on higher side with year on year increase of average 33.3 percent, which reflects the position of respective enterprises and condition of workers working for such enterprises, because it’s obvious that if an enterprise is falling sort of funds to manage its outstanding credit taken from various banks, how it will take care of its enterprise and workers. It reflects that mainly MS enterprises are dragged behind due to falling short of funds and other finance facilities which requires to compete with established local and global players in respective market. Conclusion: According to NAS data the service-sector has achieved an average annual compound growth rate of 8.7 per cent annum between 1999-2000 and 2009-10 as against 7.7 per cent achieved by manufacturing during the same period. Manufacturing sector in urban India has grown at a faster rate (2.8 per cent) relative to all India (1.7 per cent) over the period 1999-2000 and 2009-10. Unlike service sector has practiced skill scarcity and growth in service sector is reasonably more skill demanding than manufacturing sector at higher skill levels. Indian policy makers needs to focus on manufacturing sector like china counterpart which leads in exports and generated huge and stable employment environment by focusing on MSME model (Ramaswamy, 2012). Microenterprise development could generate income and enable poor people to improve their living conditions, has only recently become a focus of the government. The government initiatives and scheme like cluster development program, integrated industrial development scheme and credit guarantee fund scheme etc which stimulates inter-firm linkages and network have assisted MSMEs to move up in the value chain and gain competitive advantage, given access to technology upgraded production technology in sector should be spread across the industrial zones of the country by conducting workshops and training camps to reap the bene fits (IBEF, 2013). The report of Task Force on MSME (2010) provides roadmap for the enhancement and up gradation of MSME sector and mainly emphasized on following key issues: Public Procurement Policy: Government Departments and PSUs to reach atleast 20 percent of their annual volume purchase from MSEs Government should focus on rehabilitation of sick SME units and enhance schemes in context of National Action Plan for Climate Change (NAPCC). Enable conducive environment for legal and fiscal instruments to incentivize SMEs for their corporation as entities. Assurance for strict adherence to stipulated targets by commercial banks for SMEs. References: ATKearney Foreign Direct Investment Confidence Index, Back to Business: Optimism and Uncertainty (2013) Ayyagari, M., Demirgà ¼Ãƒ §-Kunt, A. and Maksimovic, V. (2011), Small vs. Young Firms Across The World – Contribution to Employment, Job Creation, and Growth, Policy Research Working Paper 5631 (The World Bank Development Research Group). Deepak Shah (2009), Special Economic Zones in India: A Review of Investment, Trade, Employment generation and Impact Assessment, Indian Journal of Agriculture Economics, Vol 64, No. 3, July-Sept 2009. Das Gupta N, 1999. Energy efficiency and environmental improvements in small-scale industries: present initiatives in India are not working. Energy Policy (27) 789-800. Edinburgh (2011), Growing the global economy through SMEs. Goyal M, (2013, June 09). SMEs employ close to 40 percent of Indias workforce, but contribute only 17 percent to GDP. The Economic Times retrieved from http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2013-06-09/news/39834857_1_smes-workforce-small-and-medium-enterprises. Henriques, I., Sadorsky, P., 1996. The determinants of an environmentally responsive firm: an empirical approach. J. Environ. Econ. Manage. 30, 381–395. HSBC EXPAT Explorer Survey 2013 Report: http://www.expatexplorer.hsbc.com/files/pdfs/overall-reports/2013/report.pdf Human Development Report 2013. The rise of south: Human Progress in Diverse World. Kannan, K.P. (2011) ‘How Inclusive is Inclusive Growth in India’ paper presented at the International Expert Workshop on ‘Inclusive Growth: From Policy to Reality’, jointly organized by International Development Research Centre (IDRC), Canada and Indian Institute for Dalit Studies (IIDs), New Delhi; 11-13 December, 2011, New Delhi. KPMG Change Readiness Index (2013), KPMG International  MSME Annual Report 2012-13 NCEUS (2006) Social Security for Unorganized Workers, New Delhi, National Commission for Enterprises in the Unorganized Sector, New Delhi, Government of India. NCEUS (2007) Report on Conditions of Work and Promotion of Livelihoods in the Unorganized Sector, New Delhi, Government of India and Academic Foundation. NSSO (2005) Income, Expenditure and Productive Assets of Farmer Households (Situation Assessment Survey of Farmers), 59th Round, Report No. 497, New Delhi, National Sample Survey Organization. Planning Commission (2008), Eleventh Five Year Plan (2007-2012) –– Volume I, Inclusive Growth, –– Volume III, Agriculture, Industry, Services and Physical Infrastructure, New Delhi, Planning Commission, Government of India. Ramaswamy K V, Agarwal Tushar (2012), Services-led Growth, Employment and Job Quality: A Study of Manufacturing and Service-sector in Urban India, WP-2012-007. Rs 27 per day: Indias new rural poverty line, 23 July, 2013, Down To Earth, http://www.downtoearth.org.in/content/indias-new-rural-poverty-line-rs-27-day Samuel R A, Global competitiveness Index Report 2013 Zaidi L, (2013). Proceeding from International Conference on Technology and Business Management.

Tale Of Two Cities :: History

Tale Of Two Cities â€Å"It was the best of times, it was the worst of times,† Dickens writes in the opening lines of A Tale of Two Cities as he paints a picture of life in England and France. The year is late 1775, and Jarvis Lorry travels from London to Paris on a secret mission for his employer, Tellson’s Bank. Joining him on his journey is Lucie Manette, a 17-year-old woman who is stunned to learn that her father, Doctor Alexandre Manette, is alive and has recently been released after having been secretly imprisoned in Paris for 18 years. When Mr. Lorry and Lucie arrive in Paris, they find the Doctor’s former servant, Ernest Defarge, caring for the him. Defarge now runs a wine-shop with his wife in the poverty-stricken quarter of Saint Antoine. Defarge takes Mr. Lorry and Lucie to the garret room where he is keeping Doctor Manette, warning them that the Doctor’s years in prison have greatly changed him. Thin and pale, Doctor Manette sits at a shoemaker’s bench intently making shoes. He barely responds to questions from Defarge and Mr. Lorry, but when Lucie approaches him, he remembers his wife and begins to weep. Lucie comforts him, and that night Mr. Lorry and Lucie take him to England. Five years later, the porter for Tellson’s Bank, Jerry Cruncher, takes a message to Mr. Lorry who is at a courthouse. Mr. Lorry has been called as a witness for the trial of Charles Darnay, a Frenchman accused of being a spy for France and the United States. Also at the trial are Doctor Manette and Lucie, who are witnesses for the prosecution. Doctor Manette has fully recovered and has formed a close bond with his daughter. If found guilty of treason, Darnay will suffer a gruesome death, and the testimony of an acquaintance, John Barsad, and a former servant, Roger Cly, seems sure to result in a guilty verdict. Questions from Darnay’s attorney, Mr. Stryver, indicate that Cly and Barsad are the real spies, but the turning point in the trial occurs when Sydney Carton, Stryver’s assistant, points out that Carton and Darnay look alike enough to be doubles. This revelation throws into doubt a positive identification of Darnay as the person seen passing secrets, and the court acquits Darnay. After the trial, Darnay, Carton, and Stryver begin spending time at the Manette home, obviously attracted to Lucie’s beauty and kind nature.

Studying Children’s Friendships in Bigelow and La Gaipa: Comparison

In this essay you will read about the many similarities and differences of the study and research of children’s friendships expectations, which were approached by Bigelow and La Gaipa (1975) and William Corsaro (2006). Firstly I will introduce both of the different approaches and methods and I will then later go into the results of their work. I will later go on to talk about the problems with some of the methods and what could have been changed to solve these and lastly the similarities and differences between them both. Bigelow and La Gaipa in 1975 approached a study on children’s friendships; they started the study in the 1970 when very little was known on children’s friendship and the aspects of ‘friendships’. Their main studies was to look at the differences in children’s understanding of friendship at various stages of development and how the children’s interpretation of friendship changes as they get older. In the Experiment itself they asked thirty girls and thirty boys from eight different schools, between the ages of six and fourteen to think about their best friend of the same sex. They were then told to write an essay on what they expected of their best friend and how it differs from expectations of other friends. Bigelow and La Gaipa sampled a study of four hundred and eighty essays. Before the study and research took place Bigelow and La Gaipa wrote a list of different characteristics of a best friend of which they believed the children may include in their essays, they created a list of twenty one difference categories of friendship expectations. For the results of this method they took all four hundred and eighty essays and compared them against their list of twenty one categories of friendship expectations, this was to count how many times each expectation was mentioned, this is usually referred to as a frequency count. Once they counted each expectation and the occurrences had been noted they could use the frequency count to look for patterns that could give them an insight into children’s friendships expectations and the changing nature of it. Bigelow and La Gaipa found some differences in the expectations of a best friend in different ages and how gender differs too. Sixteen of the twenty one categories were noted more frequent in the elder children’s essays compared to the younger, it is said that ‘’expectations of a best friend become increasingly complex and sophisticated as children get older’’. Bigelow and La Gaipa all came up with three different stages of development of children’s expectations in friendship: First stage- is based on shared activities, so when you’re a lot younger and your parents take you for meetings with other children to start the development of friendships. Second stage – this change is different from the first stage as the friendships are more emphasized on sharing, loyalty and commitment. Third stage – this stage is based more on growing up and the importance of similarity in attitudes, values and the potential of a more intimate friendship The problem with Bigelow and La Gaipa’s approach was that younger children lack the use of skills and higher education such as verbal and writing skills, older children may be a lot better with words and may be more descriptive, whereas the younger children will keep there’s more simple and basic. Another problem with their approach was that Bigelow and La Gaipa created the list themselves of the friendship expectations, this could be seen as unfair because what they wrote down could be their own expectations and not a varied supply of words for everyone’s views on friendship expectations. To change this they could have asked another variety of people on their first thoughts on what is a best friend and used a mixed variety of ideas. William Corsaro was more interested in how children spoke to each other and that research on children’s friendships should focus more on their understanding of the word. William Corsaro wanted to explore more into how friendship changes and is meant in different places and different times, he wanted to look more into the communication of children with each other rather than have an interviewer. He made notes on the different activities of children and their interactions with each other, whilst video recording them, this is an example of an ethnographic approach. An ethnographic approach can be seen as better when it used with younger children which may not be good with words like elder children, also this way he could get a first-hand account of the Childs experiences. Corsaro had to find a way of blending in with the social groups without seeming inconspicuous, he believed that a way which has worked well in the past is observing and watching from a distant and waiting to be approached by children, for them to then invite you into the social group. He firstly observed a group of children of the age of three years old playing in a box and discovered in order to gain access to be invited to play together you need to already be friends or become friends. He then observed to three year old girls, Jenny and Betty and discovered that they became concerned about one another when one disappeared to play with someone else, Betty also reassures Jenny that they are still best friends. William Corsaro’s last observation slightly contradicts Bigelow and La Gaipa’s idea of showing concern of each other comes as you get older, whereas Corsaro comes across the two girls whom at the age of three become concerned for one another. This may be due to the different approaches they both took in their research, Corsaro’s approach was more about translating the children’s words whereas Bigelow and La Gaipa’s at the end came down to translating the children’s essays into numbers. They both started off by using more qualitative data but later Bigelow and La Gaipa altered theirs to quantitative. The problems with Corsaro’s approach is that he didn’t vary his ideas enough and kept them to a small, minimum age range and didn’t vary the different situations, although his idea was to see the understanding of children’s idea on ‘friends’, if he had mixed situations and ages Corsaro may have had a very different result to what he got. I think it would have made his experiment more interesting if he had varied genders and the amount of children and also seen how boy and girl friends interact with one another. By looking at both studies there is an obvious similarity and this is that they both were interested in the research and study of children's friendships. Another similarity in both these approaches of children’s friendship is that the children had free will to do or write what they wanted, Bigelow and La Gaipa just told them to write what they looked for in a best friend and William Corsaro allowed the children to play where they wanted and allowed them to introduce him into their social group rather than approaching it himself which may have altered the results for his study. From my point of view there are a lot more differences comparing both the approaches, to start with although they were both looking into children’s friendships, William Corsaro was more interested in the children’s individual understanding of the word ‘friend’ and how place and time affect this, in contrast Bigelow and La Gaipa wanted to know a range of ideas of what children expect of their ‘best friend’. They also used different methods Corsaro used an ethnographic approach unlike Bigelow and La Gaipa which used a written quantitative research method. To conclude this essay I believe that the differences overrule over similarities with Bigelow and La Gaipa’s compared to William Corsaro’s approach. They both make valid points in their methods, studies and especially their results, but both results contradict one another, by one saying as you get older friendships become more complex and you become more concerned for friends, where on the other hand the other goes on to show that from a young age of three a couple of young girls show concern for each other, which opens the question of every child differs from each other. Bigelow and La Gaipa had a good idea of method by sampling a wide number and varied the ages and areas the children were from, whereas William Corsaro only observed a small amount of children which doesn’t open his sampling studies as he was then restricted to what he had. I believe that William Corsaro had the better method overall though by actually observing how children interact and by seeing it all himself from his own eyes, children’s views on each other can differ all the time, even days when they’re a lot younger.

Escape or Die essays

Escape or Die essays Imagine a society were your race does not have equal rights as the others. A world were you looked upon as an underling. Well this is what the Jewish community had to face during the Nazi regime of World War II. The Jewish people were singled out and mistreated among the country. These are the stories of people that survived these cultural issues and prevailed over Hitler and the Nazi regime. The fist story takes place in Germany were it all began with a single night called Crystal naught or The Night of Broken Glass when a mob of Nazi members attacked all people that were Jewish. One family recalls how the mayor of the town stood in Nazi uniform and confiscated the car of a family whose house was set on fire. Not knowing were his family was he was with all the other confused people searching. As one man was organizing the crowd on what to do and they listened obediently and turned around. After setting the synagogue on fire, the mob turned its attention to the elderly, children, women anyone they could get their hands on and chained them close to the burning synagogue. They chained them side by side as swine and marched them around. The fire singed their bodies. Then a voice yells Let the Jews go and they were released. The men were lined up in coulombs of three and marched away. Families would walk down the street seeing some of the people laying on the stree ts with purple welts on the face, gentile shopkeepers sweeping the broken glass of the streets and the stinging odder of the fire still in the air. Some families got lucky and found each other and were able to escape to a different country. But that wasnt easy most the families that did that were rich or had connections. Others werent so luck and later were captured and sent into the Ghettos. Later they were sent to concentration camps were they were tortured with unsanitary conditions, starvatio ...

The Autobiography of Malcolm X

The Autobiography of Malcolm X Free Online Research Papers In his book, The Autobiography of Malcolm X, Malcolm describes the racist society in the 1930’s. As a young boy the Ku Klux Klan killed Malcolm’s father. When Malcolm grew up he wanted to be a lawyer, but racism stood in his way. Later on, he goes to New York where he works in many illegal jobs such as: a hustler, robber, drug dealer, and pimp dealer. He then is sent to prison. There he learns about Islam in a wrong way. He also starts using his hustler techniques to win people and convert them. When he goes to Mecca he sees and learns the â€Å"true Islam†. He then is expelled from the Nation of Islam, which was the old organization that described Islam as an anti-white religion. As Malcolm moves from one environment to another he adapts and as he moves he names himself a couple of names such as: Detroit Red, Satan, Elhajj Malik Shabbazz, and Malcolm X. There are many symbols that show that Malcolm’s view change based on the environment surrounding him. One of the many symbols is his zoot suit, and doing a conk hairstyle when he moves to New York. When he was in New York he started to befriend pimps such as Sammy the pimp, and drug dealers and robbers such as: Shorty. He also had white girlfriend, but he uses her for status reasons. He later gets his name Detroit Red when he lives in whorehouse and starts marijuana and cocaine addiction. He then is arrested and sent to prison for ten years. As one can see the environment usually affects Malcolm. While in prison Malcolm tries to stop taking drugs. This causes him to be very frustrated, which gets him another name by his inmates: Satan. While in jail he meets Billi an educated Negro, he then starts copying and reading a dictionary. He also hears about Islam and converts. As Malcolm reads he starts to improve his English and vocabulary. He also starts to become an extremist this is evident in his saying: Yes, Im an extremist. The black race here in North America is in extremely bad condition. You show me a black man who isnt an extremist and Ill show you one who needs psychiatric attention! Once he came out of jail he buys glasses, a wristwatch, and a suitcase. These things symbolize his commitment in traveling to spread Islam, and his commitment to start an efficient career. Malcolm worked to free black people from racism at any price even his own death. He had once said: Be peaceful, be courteous, obey the law, respect everyone; but if someone puts his hand on you, send him to the cemetery. He also said: The price of freedom is death.† He also said: If youre not ready to die for it, put the word freedom out of your vocabulary. His first step was to unite all black people first. He had said that in his famous saying: â€Å"Whites can help us, but they cant join us. There can be no black/white unity, until there is first some black unity.† Later on, he believed that all oppressed people should unite. This idea is evident in his saying: The only way well get freedom for ourselves is to identify ourselves with every oppressed people in the world. We are blo od brothers to the people of Brazil, Venezuela, HaitiCuba- yes, Cuba too.† When he went to hajj to Mecca and came back he was amazed about the â€Å"colorblindness† there. He had said: I remember one night at Muzdalifa with nothing but the sky overhead, I lay awake amid sleeping Muslim brothers and I learned that pilgrims from every land every color, and class, and rank; high officials and the beggar alike all snored in the same language.† This had brought him to believe that Islam was the best solution to erase the evil of racism. This is evident in his saying: America needs to understand Islam, because this is the one religion that erases from its society the race problem.† This is what Malcolm X or Elhajj Shabbazz as he named himself. In conclusion Malcolm’s life is full of conversions, from hustler to lecturer to leader. What is pretty interesting is that his hustling skills got him to be a good leader. He had once joked by saying that he got his bachelor degree from the streets of Harlem. Once again one can see that the environment and surroundings affected Malcolm X Research Papers on The Autobiography of Malcolm XWhere Wild and West MeetThe Masque of the Red Death Room meaningsThe Effects of Illegal Immigration19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraCapital PunishmentMind TravelHonest Iagos Truth through DeceptionComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoThe Hockey GameHip-Hop is Art

Human Resource Management Master Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Human Resource Management Master - Assignment Example Another aspect of the selection that may raise expectations is an unintended consequence of its recruitment process. A rigorous recruitment process can have two unintended outcomes. If the recruitment is competitive, it can create a feeling that those who are selected are truly terrific and valued. It can help build a positive self-image if the on-the-job experiences confirm that feeling. It can set the recruits up for disillusionment, however, if their on-the-job experiences do not confirm the self-image created through the recruitment process; it can make them feel that they are not valued. Similarly, by focusing on expectations as a key component in the decision to join a particular organizational workplace, we come to know that when a person chooses between alternative jobs, the choice is affected by the degree to which desired outcomes are likely to be realised. These desired outcomes may be interesting and challenging work, autonomy, responsibility, importance of work, competent boss, and a certain level of salary. The Program creates expectations by advertising training opportunities, rotational assignments, career planning, quick promotions, access to high-level officials, and opportunities for networking as features of the internship. In addition, they are believed to have expectations about the amount of challenge, responsibility, participation, meaningfulness of work, and opportunities to make a difference. Conversely, they are more likely to leave if their expectations are not met. Expectations may be influenced by prior work experiences. Those who have littl e prior work experience may have a more idealized view of what work will be like, and therefore have more unrealistic expectations than those who have at least some work experience. The good point is that expectations may be more implicit than explicit. The interviews reveal vagueness about expectations; it seems not a frame of reference for many of the interviewees. They possess goals, hopes, or desires about what they want from their work experience but it they are not framed in terms of expectations. Expectancy theory may work best for those who clearly thought about what they wanted and weighed their alternatives and the probabilities of having the experiences they desired. The expectancy model also assumes that people behave rationally in situations where their expectations are not met. When confronted with unmet expectations, the rational response, according to the theory, is to seek new employment that will more likely meet their expectations. However, it appears that not all people seek new employment under those circumstances. None of the interviewees who expressed great dissatisfaction with their current jobs are actively seeking other employment. So, at this point the best HR department does is the analysis of expectations and make decisions of recruitment while analyse candidate's intentions and future plans. While critically analysing the do's and don'ts of a human resource in any organisation, assessment is aimed at determining what are working and what is not working and identifying resource gaps and redundancies. (2006a) Finding employees Recruiting today is taken a lot more seriously

The Trusted Traveler Program Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Trusted Traveler Program - Essay Example The â€Å"Trusted Traveler" program in essence was made to facilitate the frequent flyers that could include all the business entrepreneurs, government officials and employees as well as other selected individuals who could get their easy way off as regards to airport security checks. The Trusted Traveler program is undoubtedly a good idea when we literally think about it in the first go, but it is also a source of problems on the part of the security people who are present at the airports and are responsible for everything as they are at the helm of affairs when we talk about security and its long checks. This program can have its disadvantages if say for instance a terrorist gets hold of a Trusted Traveler card, would he or she still be unstoppable. The same goes true if he or she is carrying some explosives or weapons on board, would the person be allowed to board the flight? There are serious questions that can be posed with respect to the Trusted Traveler program. The â€Å"Trusted Traveler† program is in the process of being studied thoroughly by the American Senate and would soon, hopefully is put into practice so that American flyers could get extra privileges when they think of security and ease of actions at the airport and within the flights. The reason why this program has not been approved as yet owes to the fact that there are a number of glitches and loopholes through which terrorists and criminals can run off scotch free, thus delaying the whole process. Once these problems are addressed in the broader context of the airline security and with meticulous attention paid to the ease of the passengers, this program would pretty surely be in place for one and all to enjoy and witness at the airports, in the coming times. As regards to passenger authentication, it usually entails the corroboration of passenger ID, which includes from his beginning as a passenger is transited through the airport and